DOC 6T,* 0- A4djLX RomanPCourier`> LX SanserifCG TimesP* Letter Gothic t=LX Letter Gothic`& LX Prestige`'CourierCondensed`0UniversH LX Courier`/y- @@@@@@x@&@&@x@@2 2 2 ;(@A"mmxx##n(-27<Layout 0gA"mmxx""n',16;main(@A"mmxx'"n',16;indent(@A"mmxx,'n,16;@ shiftindentA"mmxx""n',16;Layout 4A"mmxx""n',16;Layout 5A"mmxx""n',16;Layout 6A"mmxx""n',16;Layout 7A"mmxx""n',16;Layout 8A"mmxx""n',16;Layout 9,*xxxxA"mmxx##n#n x#nW RELICSp.>>>P,*X@xxA"mmxx""n"n x"n "n7AREGISTEROFRELICS "n "n z"n:CompiledbyDavidSingmaster"n "n bx"n$GG87RodenhurstRoad,London,SW48AF,UK;email:ZINGMAST@LSBU.AC.UK."n "n 2 "n.Lastupdatedon ."n "n "n 'n INTRODUCTION "n "n ^'nXXAnytravellersoonnoticesthemultiplicityofholyrelics.AccordingtoCavendish,an"n __edictof787requiredeachchurchtopossessarelic,despiteSt.Augustine'scriticismofthe"n \\tradeinrelics.TheCouncilofTrentencouragedchurchestosetupimagesofChrist,Mary"n j^^andtheSaints.Ontheotherhand,theChurchhasinsistedsincetheMiddleAgesthatrelics"n M__cannotbesold,onlytheircontainerscanbe.Similarly,IslamdoesnotallowtheKorantobe"n n sold,butthebindingcanbe."n h'n\\Istartedfilingnotes,clippingsandreferencesonrelicsintheearly1970s.Inorderto"n P``correlatethemassofmaterial,Islowlystartedenteringinformationonacomputerfileinthe"n TTearly1980s.Inautumnandwinter,1986-87,Ienteredthemainbodyofinformation."n 'nVVThisregistertendstoconcentrateonactualphysicalrelicsandonsemi-mythological"n d^^sites.ThematerialisdominantlyChristianbutsomeothermaterialhasbeengatheredatthe"n bbend.IhavenottriedtoincludethemanysitesmoreorlesshistoricallyconnectedwithChrist,"n aaPeter,Paul,etc.,normaterialofclassicalmythology.Myinformationhasbeengatheredrather"n \\randomlyasaresultofreadingguidebooks,histories,newspaperarticles,etc.,aswellas"n visitingactualsites."n g'nYYThetreasuriesofmajorchurchesorpalacesoftencontainamultiplicityofreliquaries,"n --manyofwhichcontainmultiplerelics,often 00unclearlylabelled.Itisrareforthesetobe"n 'adequatelycatalogued.In Feb1996,Ivisitedthe Schatzkammer(Treasury)ofthe  HabsburgsP ,*e xxxA"mmxx""n"n xXXinViennawhichmaybethemostextensivecollectionintheworldwithmuchmorethanI"n 99couldrecord.However,thereisasubstantialcatalogue [Baueretal.]withdetailed"n ``descriptionsof430itemsandcolourphotographsofmostofthem.89ofthesecontainrelics"n %ccconsequentlyIwillnotdescribealloftheseindetail,andImayjustgiveapagereference.In"n b%%2002,IvisitedtheCathedralofSt. 55Trophime,Arles,BouchesduRhne,whichhasawhole"n @==chapelpackedwithreliquaries.InoticedbitsofSS.Anne, ""TrophimeandUrsula,butIdidn't"n --havetimetorecordthehundredorsoothers."n 'nXXSomeitemshavefullbibliographicalreferencegivenimmediately;recurrentsourcesare"n O %%abbreviated,withdetailsattheend."n  'n,n BG =BlueGuide."n 'n,nBION =BelieveItofNot."n : 'n,nDBS=Seenbymyself."n A'n,nIHT  =InternationalHeraldTribune."n 'n,nMGG =MichelinGreenGuide."n 'n sv.= svat(inCzech);  sveti(in SerboCroatian)."n x'n Notreshouldbespelled 99Ntre,butnotallsourcesusethecircumflex,soIhave"n F consistentlyomittedit."n %'n""Ihavegivenstate,county,Land, 77departmentorprovincenamesformostcitiesorsites"n F\\in:France,Germany.Ireland,Italy,Netherlands,UnitedKingdom,UnitedStates.Although"n DDnotessentialforlargecities,thesemaybeusefulforothersites."n "n 'n CONTENTS. %%Pageslastupdatedon17Dec2003."n "n OldTestament46n;n)=nApproximatelyin"n mNewTestament116n;n)=n chronological"n 'n Christ111n6n;n)=norder."n f 'nTrueCross,etc."n 4'n,nRRTrueCrossandNails:multiplementions,theninalphabeticorderoflocation17"n 'n,nCrownofThorns27 ,*xxxxA"mmxx""n"n x'n,n LanceofSt.  Longinus29 ,*u xxxA"mmxx""n"n Q x'n,n Teeth30"n 'n,nBlood&Sponge30"n 'n,nHoly Grail&GlastonburyThorn33"n 'n,nVeronica'sVeil35"n  'n,n Shroud35"n 'n,nHolySepulchre38"n 'n,nFootprints38"n I 'n,nGethsemane39"n 'n,n Stigmata39"n 'n,n%%Miscellaneous(Navels,umbilici)39"n 'n--Mary(includingMaryMagdalene&Martha)39"n _ 'n,nMilk.  Misc.40"n  'n,n Clothes41"n  'n,n Houses42"n 'nImages"n K'n,n>>PaintingsoftheMadonna,inalphabeticorderoflocation44"n 'n,nStatuesoftheVirgin48"n H 'n,nPaintingsofChrist49"n 'n,nStatuesofChrist49"n Saints(andsome **Blesseds)(inalphabeticalorder)50128"n 'n Abiba, Acca,  Adjutor, Adrian, Agatha,  Agnes(& Emerentiana), Aidan, Alban,  Aldhelm,"n  Alne,Blessed  Alessio  di  Jacopo   Strozzi, Alexis,  Alkmund, Amador, Ambrogio(=Ambrose),"n   Amphibalus,  Anastasia,  Anastasius thePersian,Blessed  Andreadi Scozia, Andrew, Anne,"n Anselm,  Anthony??, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of Padua,  Antioco,  Antolin,  Apollinaire,"n |  Apollonia,  Aquilinus,  Asterio, Athanasius (of Santiago); Athanasius (of Alexandria),"n @ ZZAthanasius (of Mt. Athos),Augustine of Canterbury,Augustine of Hippo,Bacchus,Barbara,"n x Barnabas,Bartholomew, Bartolo,Basil,  Baudime, Bede,  Benedetto  Manasseri,"n XBenedict (and  Scholastica), Bernadette,Bernard, Bernardino of Siena, Beata Berta,  Bertram,"n @ Beuno, Biagio,  Birinus (=  Berin),  Blaise (= Vlaho), Bline,  Boniface, Brecan,Brendan, Briac, ,*xxxA"mmxx""n"n x Bridget,  Britius, Bruno, Cado,  Callisto, Callistus,Candid,  Candida (=  Wita =  Wite),"n a Beato Pietro Capucci,Carlo  >>Borromeo,Catherine of Alexandria,Catherine of Siena,Cavan,"n  Cecilia,  Cennydd, Cerbone,Chad, Charalambos,Charlemagne, Christodulos,Christopher,"n N Christophoros  Cynocephalos,Clare (=   Chiara), Clemens  Maria   Hofbauer,  Clement, Colman,"n   Colonat,  Columba (=   Columkille), Concordias,Constance,  Cornely,  Cosmas and  Damian,"n ) Crescenziano,  Crispin&  Crispianus,  Crohane,  Cucufas, Cugat,  Cuthbert,  Cyprian,  Cyr,Cyril,"n mDaniel, Darerca,David(= Dewi), Declan, Degna,  Demetrius,  Denis (=  Denys =   Dionysius),"n  Dvote, Disen, Doged,Dominic,Domingo de la   Calzada, Donato, Donatus,Dorothy, Dumine,"n , Dwynen, Dyfrig (= Devereux),King  Eadward the Martyr,  Eanswythe, Edbert, Edburg,Edith,"n  Edmund, GGEdme=EdmundofAbingdon,Edmund the Confessor,Edward the Confessor,"n  Edward   Arrowsmith, Efflam, Efisio, Egidio, Eilian,"n ] Elizabeth of Hungary (=   Elisabeth of   Thuringia), Eloy,  Emmerich, Enda,"n F  Endelieta (=   Endellion),  Engelbert,  Erkenwald, Erme,  Ermengol,  Ermenilda,  Ermenio,"n   Josemaria Escriv,Ethelburga,  Ethelreda,  Eugenia,  Eulalia,  Euphemia,  Euphrosyne,"n E  Eusebius of   Cremona,  Eustace (=   Eustache),  Eustochium,  Eutropius, Exupery,Fabian,"n  Faith (=  Foy), Fausta, Felicissimus,  Felicita,  Felix,Pope  Felix,  Felix of   Cantalice, Fermo,P,*mxxxA"mmxx""n"n x Fiacre,  Fidelio,  Filippo (=   Phillip), Fillan, Finan, Finbar,  Fortunade,  Fortunato, Fosca,Francis,"n % Francis of  Paola,Francis Xavier,  Frideswide,  Fridiano (=   Frediano?),  Fridolin, Froiln,Front,"n  Gabriel,  Galgano, Galla  Placidia (not a saint?),  Gamaliel,  Gaudenzio,"n Antoni  Gaudi (proposed), Gavino,  Gellrt,  Genesio, Genevive,George, Gereon,"n   Germain of  Autun,  Germanus  (Germain, of Auxerre), Germiniano,Gertrude,"n   Gervasius &   Protasius, Gildas,Giles, Giovanna,(Blessed) Giovanni   da Salerno,  Giuliana,"n  Giulio(=Julius),  Giustina, Giusto,  Godelive, Godric,  Gommarus, Gonry,  Goncalo,  Gonsalo,"n  LLGovan,Gregory,Gregory V (Patriarch),Blessed Gregory X (Pope),Gregory of   Nazianzus,"n 2Gregory of Spoleto, Guthlac,Guy of   Anderlecht,  Gwynhoydl,  Hadelin, Hedwig,"n   Helena (=  Elena),  Heliodorus, Henrin, Henri??,Henry  II the Saint,Henry VI, Herbot,Hermes,"n ,,Hilary,Hippolytus,Hubert,Hugh,Hyacinth, Idesbald,Ignatius of Antioch,"n  Ignatius (of  Mytilene),Ignatius  Loyola, **Illtyd,Irene,Isabel,Isabella,Isidore,"n  Isidore of Seville, Isidro, $$(Istvn  see Stephen),(Ives  see  Ya, Ivo &  Yves), Ivo,"n   Jacopone da  22Todi,James??,James the Greater,James the Less,"n  !!Jnos (= John, but which one??),  Januarius, Jaoua,Jerome, Joan of Arc,Pope  Joan, Joana,P@,*uxxxA"mmxx""n"n x John??,John  Chrysostom,John Fisher,John   Kemble,John  Nepomuk,John ofBeverley,"n 377John of Damascus,John of God,John of the Cross,John  Schorne,John the   Almsgiver,"n ==John the Baptist,John the Divine,John the Evangelist,John XXIII,Joseph of   Arimathea,"n Juan Diego,Judas, Jude, Judical,Julian,  Juliana, Junius  (Junien),Just, Justin,  Justinian,"n Kenelm,  Kentigern,  Ketevan, Kevin, Kieran, Kilian, (Ladislaus  see   Lszl),  Laichtin,"n  Lambert,  Landelin, Landry, Ven. S. Veronica   Laparelli,  Laserian, Lszl,Lawrence,"n  Lawrence   O'Toole,  Lazarus, Leocadia,Pope Leo, Leonard,Leopold, Lry,  Leuffroi,  Lewinna,"n W  Liborius,  Librada, ))Longinus,King Louis,Louis of Toulouse,  Lucidius, Lucy, Ludger,"n L Ludmilla,Luke,Blessed Luke  (Hosios   Loukas),  Lunaire, Lurach,  Luxorius,  Magloire,"n  Magnus,  Malachy,  Marcarius, Marcel, Marcellian (?=  Marcellinus),Marcia,"n Margaret or Marina,Margaret  !!Clitherow,Margaret of Scotland,  Margherita,"n Z Maria de la  Cabeza, Maria  Goretti,Marino (=  !!Marinus),Mark,Martial,Martin,"n **Martyrs of Trier,Mary of Egypt,Matthew,  Matthias, Maur,Maurice,  Maxellendis,"n   Maximilian,  Maximina,  Maximinus,  Maximus, Mdard, Men (=  Mewan),  Meinrad,"n :  Melangell, Merri,Michael,  Mildred, Milln,  Miniato,  Moderandus, Moling,  Monenna,"n Monica,  Muiredach   O'Heney,  Mungo (=   Kentigern), Nabor,  Nazarius (=   Nazaro),  Nectaire,"n  Neot,Nicholas (=  ''Nicola),Czar NicholasII,Nicholas of  Fle,Nicholas (of  Lesbos),@`,*M xxxA"mmxx""n"n ,xNicholas the Less,  Nicodemus, Nicola da Tolentino,Non, Nonna,Norbert, Oda, Odile,"n  Oleguer,Oliver Plunkett, Omonia, Osmund,Oswald, Oswin, Osyth,  Pancras, Pantaleon(e),"n ,Patrick,Paul,Paul the   Aurelian (= Pol), Paula, Paulinus,Pedro   Gonzlez Telmo,Peter,"n 66Peter of Verona (= Peter Martyr),Peter the Exorcist, Petroc,  Petronilla,  Petronio,  Philibert,"n i Philip   (Phillip), 22Philip Howard,Philomena,(Blessed) Pierre Rouge,  Pilate &   Procula,"n Padre  Pio,Pontius, Poppo,  Prassede,  Procopius,  Prosdocimus, Protasius,Quentin,"n  Quintilianus,  Quiriace, Quirin,  Ragener, Ramon,  Ramonde  Penyafort, Ranieri,Raphael,"n n Regina,  Regnobert, Regula, Remaculus,Blessed  Remigio  de'   Girolami,  Remigius (=  Remi),"n J))Richard of Chichester,Richard Reynolds,  Rocco (=  Roch), Romana, Ronan, Rosa (of Lima),"n   Rosalia,  Roseline,  Rumbold(=  Rumwold), Saba, Sabina, Sabine, Sabus,Samson, Sebald,"n L Sebastian,  Seiriol, Senan,  Sergius,  Sernin (=   Saturninus),  Servatius, Servius,Seven Sleepers,"n `  Severin,  Sexburga, Siard,  Sicaire,  Sigismund, Simeon the Apostle,"n  Simeon   Stylites (&  Symeon  11Stylites the Younger),Simon,Simon Stock,Simon  Tybald,"n   Sixtus &  Sinicus,  Spyridon, //Stanislas,Stephen,(King) Stephen of Hungary,"n UStephen ?? & Stephenof Muret,  Sunidonius, Swithin,Sylvester,  Tarasio, Teilo,"n 9 Ten Thousand Martyrs,Teresa of  55Avila,MotherTeresaofCalcutta,Teresa of Lisieux,"n <the  Theban Legion, ::Theodora,Theodore(ofSantiago),Theodore the Byzantine,`p,* E0 PxxxA"mmxx""n"n x22Theodore the Martyr,Theodore the Tyro & Theodore   Stratelates,  Theodosius,  Theoktiste,"n   Theophano, Thrse (= Teresa of  11Lisieux),Thomas,Thomas Aquinas,Thomas Becket,"n **ThomasMore,Thomas of Hereford (= Thomas   Cantilupe),  Thuriau,  Thuriauf,  Tiburtius,"n # Timothy, Totnan,  Trophime,  Tryphon, Tydfil, Ubaldo,The Uncounted Martyrs, Urs, Ursmer,"n C,,Ursula (and her 11,000 virgins),Valentine,  Valerian, Vanna, Venan,Veronica,Victor,"n  Vincent &  Vincentio,Vincent dePaul,Vincent   Ferrier (or  Ferrer),Vincent   Madelgaire,"n Vincent of Saragossa,  Vittore, Vitus,  Vivaldo,  Walburga,  Warnebert, Waudru,"n L  Wenceslas (=   Vclav),  Werbergh,  Wigbert, $$Wilfred,William,William of Perth,"n William of York,  Willibrord,  Winefred, Wita or  Wite,  Withburga,  Wulfstan (=   Wulstan),"n _  Yerasimos, Yrieux, Yves, Zaccheus,Zachary (=   Zaccaria),  Zanobi,Zeno."n "n  MiscellaneousChristianity128'n "mmxx,'nXXArthur;BuryCross;Protestantism;Papalviscera;JohnStyles'heart;General128'n  Dragons128'n Q  Hell129"n "mmxx""n"n   Islam130"n ] Buddhism132"n m Hinduism134"n   Sikhism135"n Confucianism135"n %%MiscellaneousNonChristian135138"n 'n Greek(incl. BBCentaursandSirens);CentreoftheWorld;DunCow;Griffins;"n 'n,nMermaids;Phoenix;  Roc136"n 'nUnicorns136138"n ^##MISCELLANEOUSINDIVIDUALS139143p,* u xxx"mmxx""n"n x'n%%Alfred,Babbage,Beethoven,Bentham,  Bragadin, Brutus,Byron,CharlesI,"n  Buffalo Bill  ##Cody,Columbus,Cromwell,Dickens, Donnelly,Einstein,Galileo,  Geronimo,"n "  Geronimo of !!Oran,HeinrichI,HelenofTroy, Ned  $$Kelly,Livingstone,Merlin,Mozart,"n Napoleon,Nelson,Newton,  Pizarro, Bonnie Prince  Charlie,Richardthe  Lionheart,"n P Robert the  Bruce, &&SantosDumont,Shakespeare,Washington"n "n **Winter'sGibbet,Sarajevo,Auschwitz143"n > References143"n "n "n 'n,n OLDTESTAMENT "n "n A'nRRA15CpilgrimtoBethlehemwasshownthefieldwhereGodscoopedtheclaytomake"n 1 ADAM ++.Thesamefieldcontainedthebushwhere  Cainslew Abelandthecavewhere Adam"n Y))andEvefirstmadeloveaftertheFall. 00[Gascoigne.]JewishbeliefisthatGodcreated Adam"n ZZontheStoneofFoundation,therockenclosedintheDomeoftheRockinJerusalem[Sally"n ))Richardson;Jerusalem,Threetimesholy;Focus No.4(Mar1993)79]."n 'nTTTheHolyRomanEmperor,RudolfII,managedtoobtain"twonailsfromNoah'sArk..."n DDalumpofclayoutofwhichGodformedAdam..."[Humphreys,p.61]."n 'nIslamiclegendsaysthat  ADAMmetEVEonthemountainof Arafat,nearMecca[John"n ))Andrews;Airlinebowstoeasterncustom;Guardian (2Sep1976)??]."n 'n ((Adam'sfootprintisintherocksonMt. ,,Serendip,SriLanka.Thisisalsoknownas"n : Adam'sPeakor Pico Adam.(Islamicmythsaysthat ((Adamhadtostandhereononefoot,for"n 99200years,aftertheexpulsionfromEden.)[JohnGrant;ABookofNumbers  ;Ashgrove"n UUPress,London??,1982,p.209.][RobertPaulJordan;TimeoftestingforSriLanka; Nat.@,* @ xxx"mmxx""n"n x Geog. NN155:1(Jan1979)143.]ThesecondreferencenotesthatPortugueseChristian"n xSSmythologyconsidersitamarkofSt.Thomas,theHindusconsideritafootprintof  Sivaand"n \\theBuddhistsconsideritafootprintofBuddha.[Timbs(2),p.110]saysJohnDavythinks"n this'isaworkofart'."n 'n Theskullof >>AdamisbelievedtohavebeenuncoveredonGolgothaafterthe"n  Crucifixion."n 'n MarcoPolo[Book  III,Chap. 88XXIII;Everyman'sLibrary,Dent,London,1908]saysthe"n  Saracensbelievethetombof AAAdamisatthesummit,while'theidolaters'sayitcontainsthe"n 611bodyofBuddha,whodiedhere.Anotesays"the ))Mahometanssay,thatwhentheywerecast"n adownfromParadise, %%AdamfellontheislandofCeylonor Serendip,andEvenear  Joddahin"n laaArabia."Othernotessaythereisafootprint.Onenotecallsit"animpressionofthefootof"n ==Buddha,insomerespectssimilartothoseintheKingdomsof AvaandSiam."  Marcosays,"n KYYconcerningBuddha,"someofhishair,histeeth,andthebasinhemadeuseof,arestill"n q..preserved,andshownwithmuchceremony.The ++Saracens,ontheotherhand,maintainthat"n thesebelongedtotheprophet ??Adam."Headdsthat"twolargebackteeth,togetherwithsome"n JTTofthehairandahandsomevesselofporphyry"weresentfromtheKingofCeylonto Kublai"n  Khanin1281."n "n 'nThetombofEVEisin FFJidda.Itisofcolossalsize,asbefitsthemotherofallmankind."n [BIONBookofWomen >>,p.40.]Itwasapilgrimagesiteforbarrenwomen.Itwas"n 00demolishedbyIslamicfundamentalistsin1959. [Shyam  Bhatia;FearstalkstheSaudis;"n Observer (5Nov1989)11.]"n "n ,'nUUThestumpoftheTreeofKnowledgeofGoodandEvilstandsonthesiteoftheGarden@,* Mxxx"mmxx""n"n x ofEdenat ==Kurnah,Iraq,attheconfluenceoftheTigrisandEuphrates[NewBION  ,p.52]."n 'nAsourcesaysthe DDSumeriansviewedtheGardenofEdenasbeingatthesouthernendof"n ~##Iraq,borderingtheGulf,butthatGenesis %%placesitintheArmenianmountains."n 'n""TheGardenofEdenisinDamascus [Azzi,pp.516&525]."n 'n55TheSamaritansbelievetheGardenofEdenwasonMt. Gerizim,near  Shechemin"n Samaria[LaFay,p.759]."n 'nPPSomehaveclaimedthattheGardenofEdenwasatGlastonbury,Somerset[Bailey,"n p. 46]."n 'nXXTheskinoftheserpentthatseducedEvewascollectedbyCharlesGuntherandisinthe"n ChicagoHistoricalSociety [Weschler,pp.1415&3637].0,*  xxx"mmxx""n"n x'nVVItiscommonlybelievedthattheTreeoftheKnowledgeofGoodandEvilwasanapple,"n butthisisnotstatedinGenesis )).Islamictraditionsaysitwasafig. [McGow,p.9.]"n 'n==AccordingtotheMormons,theGardenofEdenwasinMissouri."n F'nGGDuringtheMiddleAges,theGardenofEdenwasplacedinCeylon[W.J.  Wintle;The"n romanceofmapmaking;TheHarmsworthLondonMagazine 9(1902)271]."n "n 'nThealtarsof  CAINand 99ABELaresupposedtohavestoodontheRockinJerusalem"n j  [Becker,p.40]."n C'nThebushwhere  CAINslew ABELwasnearBethlehem [Gascoigneseeunder Adam"n above]."n 'nThespotwhere  Cainslew AbelisatDamascus  [Ritson's  Polychronicon  ,quotedby"n  Timbs,p.1]."n 'n Thetombof ABELisreputedtobe An-Nabi %%Habil,abarrenpromontoryabovethe"n  TTBaradaRiver,nowenclosedinastonebuildingwithadome,19milesNWofDamascus"n   [Azzi,pp.512,516,529&530]."n 'n Atombin 33Serachs,Afghanistan,isclaimedtobethetombof CAIN[ GiantBION ]."n "n u'n""TherearetwopeaksofMt.ARARAT (Ar ))Da)GreatArarat,5165m,andLittle"n ZZArarat,3925m.Thepeakrisesaboveaplainatabout1000m,makingitperhapsthemost"n ``outstandingpeakintheworld.ThepreChristianArmeniansregardeditastherestingplaceof"n XXtheARKandaftertheirconversiontoChristianity,early4C,afragmentoftheArkwas"n x]]enshrinedatJacob'sWell,ontheNEslopeofthemountain.[Freely,pp.326327.][Freely"n [[(2),pp.503504]changesthistotheNWslopeandaddsthatthesanctuarystooduntilthe"n 9  early20C."n .'nDDTheearliestversionoftheFloodstoryhastheshiplandingonMt.  Nisir,then Pir Omar0,*  xxx"mmxx""n"n .x Gudrun,a9000 FFftpeakinnorthernMesopotamia[MichaelWood;Hook,lineandsinker;The"n f DailyTelegraph (22Jan1994)15]."n p'n!!TraditionsaystheArklandedat  Kufa,near ++Najaf,inIraq(?),wherethereisaMuslim"n ''shrinecalled'TheShip'[Wood,ibid.]."n #'nIn3C,theBabylonianpriest ::BerossussaidtheArklandedinthe'KurdishMountains'."n ::Genesisactuallyonlysaysitlandedin'themountainsof ''Urartu',whichcoversallofArmenia!"n KKThespecificpeakAraratwasnotmentioneduntilmuchlater.[Wood,ibid.]"n 'nYYJosephus,writingin1C,recordsthattheArmeniansofMt.Araratweredisplayingrelics"n oftheArk[IrvingM. Klotz;%%DiamondDealersandFeatherMerchants ;Birkhuser,Boston,"n 1985;p.106]."n }'nMM[Timbs,p.2]saysacrossmadefromwoodoftheArkwasatachurchinNova"n  Schamachia.Near AAErivanistheplacewhereNoahfirstplantedthevineandnearby"n  WWNachichevan,meaning'placeofdescent',waswhereNoahsettleduponleavingtheArk."n 'n Archdeacon &&NourifoundtheArkon25April1892[EnglishMechanic 56-184,citedin"n JCharlesForte; NewLands "";(1923),AceBooks,1973;p.36]."n 'nTheArkwaslocatedonMt. 44Judiin1949,withNOAH'sTombnearby.Itwasalso"n 0[[locatedonMt.Araratin1856,1876,1892,1916,1953,c1956,c1966,1969and1974.There"n %%isapieceofitattheMonasteryof  Echmiadzin.  [Michell& Rickard,p.69.]"n 'nIntheearly1960s, Fernand <==reproducestwonewspaperarticlesontheseexpeditions.]As !!Klotznotes,itwouldbeniceto"n >>haveamapshowingwhereeachofthesediscoveriestookplace!0,*uxxx"mmxx""n"n Jx'nInthe1980s,Tom ,,Crotser,leaderoftheHolyGroundMission, Frankston,Texas,said"n ^[[hehadtravelledtoTurkeyninetimesandhadfoundremainsoftheArkandoftheTowerof"n  \\BabelonMt.Ararat.HealsopredictedtheSecondComingofChristwouldbe18Sep1988."n  [Kevin  McClure;The  ForteanTimes BookoftheMillennium ;JohnBrownPublishing,"n s London,1996,p.87.]"n 'n InSep1991, Allen CCRoberts,founderofArkSearch,waskidnappedbyKurdishguerillas"n __ineasternTurkey.Afterhisrelease,hereportedhavingfoundtheArkatleast"fossilised"n NNanimaldroppingsandpetrifiedwoodinavaguelyboatshapedrock".[Richard  Colby;The"n Arkgetsintodeepwater; TheGuardian Online (12Dec1996)7.]In1992, Robertstoured"n aaAustraliaclaiminghehadscientificevidenceofribs,petrifiedwood,fossiliseddungandstone"n S anchors. 88Robertsisquotedinonereportwiththesameansweras Navarra:"Whatelsecanit"n vbe?"In1994, Ian KKPlimer,headofEarthSciencesattheUniv.ofMelbourne,visitedthesite"n ^^andfoundordinaryrockandmud,roughly110millionyearsold.Hereportedthisinhis1994"n 1book,TellingLiesforGod .In1997,hesued --Robertsformisleadinganddeceptiveconduct"n " undertheTradePracticesAct. BBPlimerhadtosellhishousetofinancethecase.Sadly,helost"n asthejudgeruledthat DDRobertswasnotengagedinatrade,thoughthejudgedidagreethat"n  HHRoberts'claimswerefalse.Inaseparateaction,thejudgefoundthat Robertshadbreached"n 77copyrightofanAmericanbookonthesiteoftheArk. !!Plimerisplanningtoappealand"n  33Robertsissuinghimfordefamation![Christopher **Zinn;Scientistsues'Noah'sArkfinder';0`,*=  xxx"mmxx""n"n Px TheGuardian (7Apr1997)8.Christopher //Zinn;LitigantsseeArkverdictintwolights;The"n ?Guardian JJ(3Jun1997)14.]Insummer1997,theGeologicalSocietyofLondonmade Plimer"n 22anHonoraryFellowinrecognitionofhisstruggle [Anthea $$Gerrie;UKthrowsalifelinetoArk"n 4 sceptic; TheObserver "",(7Sep1997)30].InDec1977, &&Plimerlosthisappealandwasheaded"n 55forbankruptcy[Noah'sArkfightendsinbankruptcy;DailyTelegraph (6Dec1997)15]."n 5'nYYIn1994,aTexasbasedgroupreportedfindingtheArkorataleastaburiedshiplike"n object7000 PPftupamountainontheTurkishIranianborderabout20milesfromMt.Ararat."n ##Thesiteisjustbelowthepeakof ::alJudi,namedastherestingplacebytheKoran.Itwas"n 515  ftlongand139 EEftwideclosetoNoah's300cubitsby50cubitsandoneexpedition"n AAmembersaiditcouldbe100,000yearsold.[Wood,ibid.Martin Wroe;Noah'sArk'found"n 6near  MtArarat'; TheObserver (16Jan1994)2.]"n 'n;;NOTE.Acubitisusuallyconsideredtobeabout18"=1.5 ft,possiblyupto"n ]]22" = 1.83 ft.TheBiblesaystheArkwas300cubitsby50cubits.Thiswouldbeabout450 ft"n by75  WWftforan18"cubit,whichisreasonablyconsistentwiththe1984impression,orabout"n #550  ftby92 HHftfora22"cubit.The1994measurementscorrespondtocubitsof1.72  ftforthe"n lengthand2.78 77ftforthewidth,whichseemunreasonablyinconsistent."n "n 'nThereisatombofNOAHat Cizre,Turkey[BION14 ]."n 'n>>ThereisatombofNoahnearBaalbek,Lebanon[Timbs,p.214]."n 'nSSNoah'saxewasamongtherelicsplacedbyConstantineinthebaseoftheColumnof"n Constantine(=BurntColumn= ,,emberlita)inConstantinople(=Istanbul)  [Boulanger,`P,*` xxx"mmxx""n"n xp. 86]."n 'nTheTalmud GGsaystheRockinJerusalemisovertheentrancetoanabysswherethe"n Floodstillroars [Becker,p.40]."n 'nTTTheHolyRomanEmperor,RudolfII,managedtoobtain"twonailsfromNoah'sArk..."n DDalumpofclayoutofwhichGodformedAdam..."[Humphreys,p.61]."n "n 'nDDApillarofsaltontheshoreoftheDeadSeaiscalledLOT'sWife[BION13 ;BION27 ,"n  p.118.]."n "n 'nPPTheOakofABRAHAM,wherehemettheangelsoftheLord,standsontheplainof"n  Mamreh,twomileswestof Hebron[NewBION  ,p.52]."n m'n88SamaritantraditionsaysAbraham'ssacrificewasonMt. GeriziminSamaria[LaFay,"n h]]p. 759].OthertraditionsaysitwasontheStoneofCreationorSacredRockintheDomeof"n 33theRock,ontopofwhatisconsideredtobeMount %%Moriah,Jerusalem[SallyRichardson;"n YJerusalem,Threetimesholy;Focus No.4(Mar1993)79; Becker,p.40;  Jahshan&  Jahshan,"n  pp. 22&25]."n 'n!!AbrahamandJacobbothcampedat Sichem,abitsouthof Nablus [Becker,p.64]."n |'nTheTombofthePatriarchs,in 55Hebron,isreveredasthetombofAbraham,Isaacand"n SSJacob.Thiswasuncoveredinthe12C.[Runciman-2,p.319.]ThisistheCaveof"n  Machpelah,near FFHebron,whichAbrahamboughttoburySarahandliesunderthepresentP,*u xxx"mmxx""n"n `x Haram ##elKhalil.Abraham,Sarah,Jacob, 22Leah,Isaac,RebeccaandJosephareburiedhere."n  [Becker,pp.6162;  Jahshan& >>Jahshan,pp. 6365].However,IslamictraditionsaysAbraham"n 00isburiedatMeccaandtheTombofJosephisat  Shechem(=  Nablus).  [Jahshan&  Jahshan,"n ++p. 71]statesJoseph'sbodywasbroughtto %%Shechem,butperhapshewasmovedto Hebron"n later?"n 'n55RelicsofthePatriarchsAbraham,Isaac,Jacoband  Sarawereinanivoryhornat"n HAAAngers,MaineetLoire,in1255andarenowintheAngersMuseum [Gauthier,p.38]."n r'nc1137,Henryof DDBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alargecrossreliquary"n ]AAcontainingmanyrelics,includingrelicsofthethreePatriarchs [Gauthier,p.56]."n "n #'n Jacob'sWell (Bir Yakub),dugbyJacob,isnear Nablus(theancient Shechem),covered"n ZbyaGreekOrthodoxchurch [Luis ""Marden;TheothersideofJordan; Nat. Geog.  126:6(Dec"n 1964)790825seep.818; Becker,p.64]. [Roberts,III71& RobertsCrolly,IV6]recorded"n >>itas'aheapofrubbish'.TheChurchisoftenattributedto  Helena,butprobablydatesfrom"n ySSc400.ThisisthewellwhereJesusmetthewomanofSamaria,soitisalsocalled Bir"n    Samariyah."n 'n33JacobburiedhiswifeRachelattheTombofRachel (Qubbat Rahil),abitnorthof"n XXBethlehem.ShediedgivingbirthtoBenjaminwhiletheyweretravellingtoBethlehem."n . [Becker,p.59.  Jahshan& Jahshan,p.50.]"n /'nJACOB'SPILLOWisdescribedinGenesis ++28:1822.Themorningafterhisdreamhe"n 7PPtookthestoneandsetitupasapillar,as'God'shouse'ataplacehecalled  Bethel(= Beth el,*- xxx"mmxx""n"n `xaa=houseofGod).Helaterbuiltanaltaratthesiteandtherewasacity,eventuallydestroyed"n 'by ]]Josiah,butthesitevanishedfromhistoryaftertheBabyloniancaptivity.Oneversionsays"n !itwastakentoEgypt.  Gahelus(or  Gathelusor GedylGlays),sonof Cerops,KingofAthens,"n Owasmarriedto NNScota,daughterofthePharaoh.DuringthetimeofMoses,theyfledwiththe"n 11StonetoSicilyorSpain,fromwhenceitwentto Tara,Co.Meath,Ireland. Gathelusisthe"n ]]supposedfounderoftheScottishnation.AversionsaystheywenttoSpainandbuiltacity"n called Brigantia,nowthesiteof 00Compostela.ItwascarriedtoIrelandbySimon Brech,c700,"n ==whowascrownedonit.Anotherversionsaysthetwosonsof  Gathelus(or Milesius,aKingof"n 99Spain)conqueredIrelandandfoundedtheScottishrace."n 4'n00AnotherversionsaystheStonewasremovedfrom ##BetheltothesecondTemple,where"n Z11itservedaspedestaltotheArkoftheCovenant."n 3'n\\Anotherversionisthatitis"thesealofwitnessofpromisesmadetoIsrael"andthatits"n sccpossessoristherepresentativeofthelosttentribesofIsrael.Thisversionsaysitwasinthe"n ``TempleatthetimeoftheBabyloniancaptivity(c580)andthatJeremiahfledwithittoEgypt,"n c//thencetoSpainandtoIreland,accompaniedby BaruchandthePrincess Tephiofthelineof"n TTDavid.AvariantsaysshebroughtittoIreland,accompaniedbyaguardianandone  Baruchor"n B ""Brug.Shemarriedthelocalking ::Eochaid,convertedhimandhispeopletoadoptingtheTen"n --CommandmentsandwascrownedontheStoneat ++Tara,establishingtheKingdomofDavidin"n \\IrelandwhichdescendedthroughScotlandtothepresentRoyaltyofEngland!Theseversions,*xxx"mmxx""n"n Hxassociatetheword !!TarawiththeHebrewTorah(Law)."n 'nVVAnotherversionsaysJacob'sPillowwascarriedtoIrelandbyIsraeliterefugeesfrom"n  ++Nebuchadnezzar'ssackofJerusalemin-586."n ''nHHLegendstendtoagreethattheIrishuseditasacoronationstone,the 'Lia Fil'or'Stone"n ofDestiny'at KKTara,Co.Meath,thoughsomeversionssayitwasinArgyll,Scotland.The"n ZZmodernstatueofSt.PatrickissupposedtobewheretheStonewassited.Itwassaidto"n XXproduceathunderoussoundwhenthelegitimateprincewascrowneduponit.KingFergus"n  \\MacEark,anIrishprince,laterbecameKingofScotlandandtooktheStonetoScotland.It"n wasat 33DunstaffnageinArgyll,Scotland.In846,Kenneth ""MacalpinmovedittotheAbbeyof"n 77Scone,nearPerth,incommemorationofhisunitingthe $$PictsandScots.Itcontinuedasa"n ( coronationstone."n 'n%%Anotherversionclaimsthatthetrue ::LiaFailneverleftIrelandandisthepillarstonestill"n  standingon OOTaraandmarkingthegravesofthosewhodiedintheuprisingof1798.Others"n fsaythisstoneisof KKDruidicorigin.Weighing14tons,itisunlikelytohavebeentransported"n   veryfar!"n 'nVVAnotherversionsaystheStoneatSconederivesfromanaltarstone,possiblythaton"n which 55BonifaciuscelebratedEucharistafterconvertingthe  PictstotheusageoftheRoman"n calendarabout710."n ,* xxx"mmxx""n"n x'nPPTheBlarneyStoneissaidtobeJACOB'sPillowbroughtbackduringtheCrusades"n  [AnthonyButler;TheBookofBlarney ; 00WolfePublishing,1969,pp.12-13].Aguideto"n ^^BlarneyCastlesaysitmayhavebeenbroughtbackfromtheCrusades,oritmaybethepartof"n theStoneofSconegivento Cormac **MacCarthy,KingofMunster,byRobertthe  Bruce,in"n --gratitudeforMunster'saidattheBattleof Bannockburnin1314  [SeanPetit;BlarneyCastle"n (TheStoryofaLegend ((;BlarneyCastleEstate,1989,p.24]."n 'n]]A1994Corkvisitors'guidesaysabouttheBlarneyStone:"othersbelieveitis...'Jacob's"n aaPillow',andbroughttoIrelandbyJeremiahtheProphet.Itismostlikelytohavebeenbrought"n backduringtheCrusades.""n "n 'nUUTheauthentichistoryoftheStoneofSconeonlybeginsatScone.In1296,EdwardI"n "\\tookittoWestminsterAbbey,LondonthoughancientrumourassertstheScotsreplacedthe"n 5XXrealstonewithafakebeforeEdwardgottoSconeandthattherealstonewashiddenat"n ( UUDunsinaneCastle,nearPerth,untilthe19Cwhenitwasmovedtoanearbyfarm.[R.  Brasch;"n wHowDidItBegin? ; 33Longmans,Australia,1965,pp.195-196.Welfare& Fairley,pp.150"n 5^^151.]EdwardplaceditinanewoakchairattheshrineofEdwardtheConfessor.Aboutthat"n __time,itwasalreadybelievedtobeJacob'spillow.Inthe1328TreatyofNorthampton,Edward"n  \\IIIagreedtoreturntheStonetoScotlandbutthiswasneverimplemented.Asearlyasthe"n [[14C,itwassaidthataScotwillrulewherevertheStoneisandthiswasconfirmedwhen"n James ++VIofScotlandbecomingJamesIofEngland!"n C'n44TheactualStoneofSconeisofScottishsandstone[ BG-London ,p.29],ordark,*-  xxx"mmxx""n"n x purplishred ;;freestone,26"by16"by11"(or10~"),weighing336lb.[ Erlend  Clouston;"n s..Heavyweightroyalrelicwitharockyhistory; TheGuardian ##(4Jul1996)3]statesitismade"n !fromsandstonefromnear ==Oban.Anotherauthorityopinesitissandstonefromwestern"n [[ScotlandandthatthemostprobablestoryisthatitwasthepillowonwhichthedyingSt."n  Columbarestedhishead."n 'nUUTheStonewasstolenbyScottishnationalistsin1950andanotherrumouristhata"n copywasthenmade[Welfare& ??Fairley,p.151].ItisclaimedthattheoriginalisinDull,"n  ))Perthshire,intheChurchoftheKnights TemplarsofScotland  [Clouston, op. cit.above]."n ZZHowever,itwasknownthattheStonehadbeenrepairedbythenationalists,sowhenthese"n :]]rumoursfirstsurfacedin1972,theStonewasXrayedandtherelevantmetalrodswereseen,"n ^^sotheStoneiscertainlytheonethatthatthenationalistsstole.Thisinformationwasnot"n releaseduntilJul1996.[ Erlend ++Clouston;StoneofDestinyprovedgenuine; TheGuardian "n l==(17 Jul1996).]In1996,theStonewasreturnedtoScotland."n r'nc1137,Henryof DDBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alargecrossreliquary"n IIcontainingmanyrelics,includingapieceofthestoneofJacob'spillow [Gauthier,p.56]."n D'nQQMuchofthelegendarymaterialaboveisderivedfromasmallbookletwithlittle"n yWWidentificationthelastpagehasacolophonwhichIassumeistheauthor/publisher"n [H.  Munro(269Great ColmoreStreet,Birmingham);$$England'sCoronationStoneandWhat"n isSaidaboutIt ;theauthor??,nd  [c1930s]]."n "n J'n99Therewas'AnOrangegatheredfromaTreethatgrewover  Zebulon's   Tombe'in,*xxx"mmxx""n"n x--Tradescant'sArk,London[Tradescant,p.43]."n "n 8'nTTLegendclaimedthatthepyramidsofEgyptweretheGranariesbuiltbyJOSEPHinthe"n 77yearsofplenty.ThisismentionedasearlyasJulius ))Honorius(5C)andwasusedasamotifin"n g[[adomemosaicofSt.Mark's,Venice.Source??([Timbs,pp.7576]givesa16Cversionof"n +VVthisstory,butthinksitunique,though[p.157]mentionsitasacommonopinion.)[BION8 ,"n 9``p.148]saysthegranariesofJosepharestillstandingatThebes,Egypt.Josephwasburiedin"n theCaveofthePatriarchsat Hebron [Becker,p.62]orat Sichem,justsouthof Nablus,where"n 22theTombofJoseph(andhistwosons,Ephraimand %%Manasseh)isneartheFieldofRuins"n & [Becker,pp. 64-65; Roberts,III71; RobertsCrolly,IV11]. !![RobertsCrolly,IV14]saysall"n 177ofJacob'stwelvesonswereburiedhere,aswasJoshua."n "n <'nTTTherearethreeplacesclaimedtobewhereMOSESwasfoundinthebulrushes:under"n ##theBenEzrasynagogue,Cairo;at ..RodaIsland,nearby;atMemphis,afewmiles upriver"n  [Arden,pp.2,3&7].[TheWondersofNatureandArt  ;William Milner,Halifax,1839,"n r++p. 396]saysitwasadjacenttothefamous  Nilometerat $$Makkias,ontheislandoppositeOld"n Cairo. ,* xxx"mmxx""n"n Nx'nXX"AjarallegedtocontaintheoriginalEgyptiandarknessinflictedbyMosesisachurch"n  relicin Doberan-Mecklenberg,  Ger[many]"[BION2 ,p.48].(Bad Doberanisin"n M MechlenburgVorpommern.)"n H'nVVThesitewheretheChildrenofIsraelcrossedtheRedSeahasbeendisplayedformany"n years[Timbs,p.76]."n 'nWWTheMonasteryofSt.Catherine,atthefootofMt.Sinai,claimstobethesiteofthe"n  burningbush //[Arden,pp.8,12,23&25].Ac450recordby Etheriareportsthatthe'same"n ybushisalivetothisday' [Forsyth,p.95]."n 'n Jebel &&Musa(generallycalledMt.Sinai)and Jebel ##Hilal(muchtothenorth)areeach"n tclaimedtobeMt.Sinai [Arden,pp.8-9]."n "'nXXManyofthespringsintheSinaiandnearbyareclaimedtobeduetoMosesstrikingthe"n P rock,e.g. Ayn  Musabelow Jebel Nebo 33[Arden,pp.31&36].TheRockofMoses,whichhe"n strucktoproducewater,isin WadielLeja,westofMt. ''Horeb,notfarfromtheConventofSt."n ++Catherine.Itisabout15by10by12ft. [RobertsCrolly,V21.]"n 'nTTThestonefromwhichMosesdrewwaterwasamongtherelicsplacedbyConstantinein"n 88thebaseoftheColumnofConstantine(=BurntColumn= emberlita)inConstantinople"n 0 (= Istanbul) [Boulanger,p.86].But[InsightCityGuide:Istanbul ;p.53]saysitwasbitsof"n YYtherockwhereMosespartedthewatersandthesewereacrossthestreetinthePalaceof"n  ??Lausus.AbasreliefoftheVirginintheCappellaZenofSan  Marco,Venice,isclaimedtobe"n 33carvedfromtherockfromwhichMosesstruckwater [Buckley&Robinson,p.52]."n U'nGGTheserpentofbrasssetupbyMosesinthedesertisintheChurchof Sant'  Ambrogio, 0,*- P xxx"mmxx""n"n  xMilan,  Lombardia[BION4  ,p.137]."n 'nTheMonasteryof  Varag(= ==Yedikilisse),nearLakeVan,Turkey,isclaimedtobeasite"n whereMosesprayed[John  Noonan;Van;  AramcoWorld (Mar/Apr1973)19]."n 'n Jebel  Harun,near $$Petra,Jordan,isidentifiedasMt. Hor,whereAARONdiedandis"n l55buried.His'tomb'isinthemosqueonthesummit. [Arden,p.35. RobertsCrolly,IV61.]"n ((SamaritantraditionsayshediedonMt. $$GeriziminSamaria[LaFay,p.759]."n 'nKing Andrew AAIIofHungaryobtainedpartofAaron'srodontheFifthCrusade,"n j''1217-1218[Runciman-3,p.149,note2]."n p'n Jebel OONebo,Jordan,iswhereMosesdiedandheisburiedatanunknownsitenearby."n X,,IslamictraditionsaysthetombofMosesis Nabi  Musa(or Nebi Musa),betweenJerichoand"n theDeadSea. [Arden,pp.9&36. Becker,p.67.  Jahshan& Jahshan,p.81.]"n x'n77ThestaffofMoseswhichbloomedwasatConstantinople [Baueretal.,p.165]."n "n 'n@@An11CinventoryrecordstheARKoftheCovenantasbeinginS. MariaMaggiore,"n  Rome,  Lazio,Italy [Masson,p.329]."n e'nSSTheArkhasbeensoughtformanytimessinceitvanishedfromhistorybetween10C"n ]]and6C.ArecenttheoryclaimsitwasremovedfromJerusalemc650duringthereignofthe"n _apostateKing $$Manassehandeventuallyarrivingin ))Axum,Ethiopia,whereitremainstothis"n 1day.[Graham Hancock;Thelostarkfound?;ObserverMagazine (22Mar1992)2026.This"n  isbasedon Hancock'sbook:77TheSignandtheSeal:AQuestfortheLostArkofthe"n  Covenant ;Heinemann,1992.]"n A'n\\TheBritishIsraelites,whobelievetheBritonswerethelosttribesofIsrael,believethe0P,*}xxx"mmxx""n"n nxArkisinthemoundof FFTara,Co.Meath,Ireland.Around1900,agroupofBritishIsraelites"n I33badlydamagedthemoundbyillegaldigging.[John  Michell;EccentricLivesandPeculiar"n TNotions RR;(Thames&Hudson,1984);Cardinal(Sphere),1989,p.176.]Anothersourcesays"n  thesiteistothenorthofthe Lia ,,Fil(seeaboveunderJacob)andcalledthe  Rathofthe"n Synods."n 'n[Focus RR(Mar1998)44]summarisesvarioustheories,sayingthatpossessionoftheArkis"n ==supposedtoconferinvincibilityonanarmy.Thissaysthat HancocksaysthattheArkwas"n stolenfromSolomonbyhisson >>MenelikandtakentoEthiopia.However,theArkisdescribed"n __asbeinginJerusalemforseveralcenturiesafterSolomon.SomethinkitishiddennearMount"n Y XXNebointheSinai.ThelatesttheoryisthatitwashiddenundertheTempleduringthe"n 0\\Babylonianinvasionof586andrecentexcavationshaveindicatedapossiblesecretchamber"n S undertheDomeoftheRock."n "n 'nThetombofJOBisnear ??Salalah,Oman,attheedgeoftheEmptyQuarter.Thereporter"n __wasshownthebodylyingundercloths:"thebody,thelumpinessunderthecloths,stilllooked"n .__alarminglysolid",butdidnotactuallyseewhatwasunderneath.[ValerieJames;Insearchof"n frankincense;TheDailyTelegraph ##Travelsection(19Dec1998)12.]Pp,*u0 xxx"mmxx""n"n x'nJob'stearswereinDon 55Saltero'sMuseum,London,inthe18C[PeterJackson;Peter"n n))Jackson'sLondonisStrangerthanFiction --;AssociatedNewspapers,London,nd[1951?],"n p. 13].[Welfare& @@Fairley,p.2]saytherewasanecklaceformedfromJob'stears."n 'nTTAskullwasdepositedintheMuseumoftheLondonMissionarySociety,London"the"n ``animalisconsideredbynaturalists...tobetheUnicornoftheancients,andthesamethatis"n 'describedinJob XXXIX."[JohnCampbell;TravelsinSouthAfrica ;vol.2,p.294quoted"n 1inJohnTimbs;((PopularErrorsExplainedandIllustrated ;NewEd.,David Bogue,London,"n 1856;p. 337]."n "n 'nEEJONAHissaidtohavebeenspewedoutofthewhaleatatowercalled Baba Yunus"n _ Kulesi,10kmsouthof Iskanderun,near 66Sarisaki,Turkey[Freely,p.364;Freely(2),p.568.]"n 'nYY[Timbs(2),pp.4748]givesastorythatthewhalecarriedJonahfromtheMediterranean"n `..aroundAfricaanduptheEuphratestoNinevah."n 'nLLAtraditionaltombofJonahwasononeofthemoundsacrosstheTigrisfrom Mosul,"n Iraq[Timbs,p.28]."n "n 'nDAVIDwasborninBethlehem."n 'n Ron ##Wyatt,fromTennessee,claimsthat $$GOLIATH'sskull,withDavid'sstone"n **embeddedinit,hasbeenfound![Richard %%Colby;TheArkgetsintodeepwater; TheGuardian"n  Online (12Dec1996)7.]"n 7'nCCDavid'stombissaidtobeonMt.Zion,butwasmorelikelyonMt. Ophel,respectively"n $IIinthewestandthesouthofJerusalem.ThereisaTombofDavidinthe DormitionAbbeyon"n j Mt.Zion. [Becker,pp.5455.] ??[Roberts,III27]recordsit'sbeingonMt.Zion,butitwasa"n I((mosqueandChristianswerenotadmitted."n "n 'n''ApieceofSOLOMON'stemplewasatDon 00Saltero's,London[Jackson,loc.cit.atJob].pP,* xxx"mmxx""n"n 7xCCOtherversionssaytherewere'relicsoftheShebaQueen'[Richard  Edmonds;ChelseaFrom"n ""theFiveFieldstotheWorld'sEnd ; 11PhenePress,London,1956,p.55,quotinga1723"n !  magazine.]"n 'nSS"'Therearegardens,supposedtobethoseofKingSolomon,intheneighbourhoodof"n s^^Bethlehem.Thefriarsshowafountainwhich,theysay,isthe'sealedfountain'towhichthe"n \]]holyspouseintheCanticlesiscompared;andtheypretendatradition,thatSolomonshutup"n VVthesespringsandputhissignetuponthedoor,tokeepthemforhisowndrinking.'"n = ]]Maundrell'sTravels.SeealsothenotestoMr.Good'sTranslationoftheSongofSolomon.""n P  [Moore,p.86,note3.]"n P'n TwospiralmarblecolumnsinS. --Marco,Venice,arereputedtohavecomefrom"n Solomon'sTemple [Okey(2),p.308]."n 'n((AringofSolomonwasatConstantinople [Baueretal.,p.165]."n C'n Acupof ,,ChosroesI,KingofPersiac575,wasatSt. ##Denis,outsideParis,whereitwas"n @@displayedasthecupofSolomon.ItisnowintheBibliothque Nationale,Paris.[Hare (2),"n p. 508]."n 'nobertT.Gunther&A.V.  Simcock;''RobertT.GuntherandtheOldAshmolean ;"n LLMuseumoftheHistoryofScience,Oxford,1985,p.3]saysthemonksofSt. Denisexhibiteda"n KKfootofSolomonandanarmoftheQueenofShebaasproofoftheirmeeting."n ;'n44TheJerusalemAltarintheCathedralofWashington, ""D.C.,iscarvedfromstonestaken"n BBfromthequarrythatsuppliedthewallsoftheTempleofSolomon[BION8 ,p.6]."n "n G'n Theheadsof  SHADRACH,  MESHACHand $$ABEDNEGOweresupposedtobeinthe"n } Cathedralof Sv.  Marijain !!Rab,Croatia[Cuddon(2),p.29]."n "n 'nUUTheremainsoftheThreeYoungHebrews(=theabove??)areinthereliquaryknownatP,*=xxx"mmxx""n"n x %%'Begon'sLantern'intheBasilicaof  Ste.Foy, ConquesenRouergue, Aveyron  [Gauthier,"n   pp. 5862]."n "n Y'nThereisaTombof EZEKIALinthevillageof AlKifil,near  Hillah,Iraq."n "n )'n44TheremainsofDANIELareinthereliquaryknownat ""'Begon'sLantern'intheBasilica"n Eof  Ste.Foy, ConquesenRouergue, Aveyron [Gauthier,pp.5862]."n @'nAARelicsofDanielareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromthe GrandselveTreasury,"n  Quercy,nowinthechurchof  Bouillac, TarnetGaronne [Gauthier,pp.168171]."n 0,*xxx"mmxx""n"n x'n Theskullof &&HABAKKUKisinthereliquaryknownat ""'Begon'sLantern'intheBasilica"n Eof  Ste.Foy, ConquesenRouergue, Aveyron [Gauthier,pp.5862]."n "n 'nUUTheTreeofISAIAH,whichswallowedhimtoprotecthimfrompersecutors,isnearthe"n LPoolof SiloamjustsouthofJerusalem [Becker,p.51]."n 'nAboneofISAIAHwasinSt.  Denis,Seine ##StDenis,butwasdestroyedinthe"n **Revolution[Culbertson&Randall,p.199]."n "n 'n SSELIJAH'smantlewasinConstantinopleinthe11C[Runciman-1,p.50.].Thereisa"n )AAchapelofElijahonMt.Sinai,wherehefledintothewilderness [RobertsCrolly,V43]."n "n 'n ELISHAand JJOBADAIAHseeunderSt.JohntheBaptist,below.Elisha'sWellisabit"n northofJericho [Becker,p.67]."n "n 9'nInthe 44KedronValley,Jerusalem,arethesupposedTombsof  ABSALOM,"n # JEHOSHAPHATand !!ZACHARIAH,buttheydatefrom1C  [Jahshan& Jahshan,p.44]."n "n  "n m 'n,n NEWTESTAMENT "n "n 9'n,nTTCHRIST.Ihaven'tattemptedtolistalltheholysitesinJerusalem.ForJohnthe"n Baptist,seeunderSaints."n "n <'n88TheGrottoorChapeloftheAnnunciationisinNazareth [Roberts,IV19]."n 'nIIAstonewhereMaryrestedwhilepregnantwaspointedoutto15Cpilgrims [Gascoigne]."n $$In1997,therockwhereMaryrested 99enroutetoBethlehemwasdiscoveredinEastJerusalem."n AChurchofthe JJKathisma(theSeat)hadbeenbuiltaroundtherockoutcropbutthechurch"n 99wasdestroyedin8/9Candthesitewasdeserted.[David ""Sharrock;Jerusalembuildersfind"n FMary'srestingplace; TheGuardian (10Nov1997)11.]"n 'nXXTheChurchoftheNativityinBethlehemisonthesitefirstcommemoratedbyabasilica0p,* e` xxx"mmxx""n"n xWWofConstantinein325andtheshapeofthatbasilicaisstillapparentdespiteseveral"n  destructionsand DDrebuildings.ActuallythePersiansspareditin614becauseofthe"n ^^representationsoftheMagiinamosaiconthefacade,whomtheyrecognizedasPersians.The"n [``GrottooftheNativitysimplycontainsaholeinthefloorsurroundedbyasilverstarlabelled"n  Hic de Virgine  MariaJesus  Christus natus 22est1717.Thestarvanishedin1847thisand"n X88someotherreligiousructionswereamajorcauseofthe CrimeanWar! [Becker,pp.5960.]"n #AAThereisanaltarattheplacewhereJosephsatduringthebirth  [RobertsCrolly,III11]andan"n altarwheretheMagiknelt [RobertsCrolly,III13;  Jahshan& Jahshan,pp.5455]."n 'n44SomeofthegroundwhereChristwasbornwasatthe MinsterofWimborne  Minster,"n  Dorset[Treves,p.116]."n 'nZZAtthetimeoftheNativity,amiraculousfountofoilappearedinRome,Lazio,Italy,on"n UthesiteofS.  MariainTrastvere[BG-Rome 44,p.233].Further,theSibylofTiber(Tivoli)is"n JJsaidtohaveannouncedthecomingofChristtoAugustusatthetopofthe CapitolineHill,"n  whereS. Maria d'Aracoeliisnow[MGG-Italy (1995) ,p. 199].However,"n 1[MGG-Italy (1995) ==,p. 223]saysthisannouncementtookplaceatTivoli,Lazio."n 'nWWItisgenerallybelievedthattherewerethreeWISEMENorMAGI,buttheonlyBiblical"n description,inMatthew ??2:115,onlysays"wisemenfromtheEast"withoutanynumber."n ,'n Accordingto <>Jahshan,p.56]saysitiseastwardsalongMilkGrottoStreet."n G'nIIThereisanancientoaktreeattheChurchofSt.Abraham,justnorthof Hebron,where"n 00theHolyFamilyrestedontheFlightintoEgypt [Becker,p.61]."n 'nGGOntheflightintoEgypt,theHolyFamilyrestedunderthesycamoreof  Mataryeh,in"n  ZZMataryeh,sixmilesnortheastofCairo.NearbyisawellwhichthechildJesuscausedto"n ; appear.[NewBION JJ,p.52.]TraditionsaystheHolyFamilystayedinthetown,perhapsfor`,*'pxxx"mmxx""n"n }x!!sevenyears.Itisalsospelled  Materea. ))[Horton,op.cit.underforeskin,p.61.]"n ]'nOORelics'oftheBlessedTreethatbeforeOurLord,BlessedMary,BlessedJoseph"n CCprostrateditself'areintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromthe GrandselveTreasury, Quercy,"n qnowinthechurchof 22Bouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n 'n UU[Roberts,IV19]relatesthatinNazareth,oneisshown"theworkshopofJoseph,the"n \\stoneonwhichChristsatwithhisdisciples,andthefountaintowhichtheVirginwentfor"n water."n :'nThe RRColonnaSanta,againstwhichChristleanedwhilespeakingwiththedoctorsinthe"n [[Temple,isveneratedinSt.Peter's,Rome,Lazio,Italy,thoughitisactuallya4Ccolumn"n c[BG-Rome LL,p. 262].PartoftheseatonwhichhewaspresentedattheTemplewasat"n C..WestminsterAbbey,London[Kent,p.74].The **ElAqsaMosque,ontheRockinJerusalem,"n T**hasa'footprintofChrist'bythepulpit 44(mimber),saidtohavebeenmadewhenhewasinthe"n Temple [Becker,p. 42]."n 'n>>TheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasapieceofan'apron'ofChrist [Baueretal.,p.181]."n kTheGermanwordis 55Schrztuchwhichalsotranslatesaschild'spinafore."n k'nOOJesuswasbaptisedbyJohnatthePlaceofBaptismat'BethanybeyondJordan',"n L$$identifiedbysomeasbeinginWadi 66AlKharrar,butIsraeliarchaeologistsidentifyitas Qasr"n   elYehudor Kasr  al-Yahudor Qasir <>atMilan;andadds'ItissuchararityasthisthatIsawat ""Vendome[LoiretCher]inFrance,"n )^^whichtheytherepretendisatearthatourSaviourshedoverLazarus,andwasgatheredupby"n RRanangel,whoputitintoalittlecrystalvial,andmadeapresentofittoMary  Magdalen.'"n 3//Addison'sRemarksonseveralPartsofItaly." [Moore,p.43.]"n 'n00LazaruswasraisedfromthedeadatBethany,or ElAziriyehor ElAzaryeh,which"n ZZderivefromLazarus.ThehousesofMarthaandMaryandofSimontheLeperareshown,and"n ""thereistheSepulchreofLazarus [RobertsCrolly,III19;  Jahshan& Jahshan,pp.7980]."n i'nIn Zamrdi,Hungary,is 99Szamrk(DonkeyRock)whicharchaeologiststhinkwasan"n aaancientMagyarsacrificialsite,butcurrentmythologyclaimstobearthehoofprintofChrist's"n ?donkey[HungaryTheRoughGuide ,1992,p.149]."n "'nWWTheMountofTemptationiswestoftheoldcityofJericho.ThereisaGreekOrthodox"n <>oneofthesoldiersbyoneofChrist'sdisciplesandtakento Galatia,whenceitwanderedto"n  ,,Jaffa,Persia,JerusalemandConstantinople.`,*/ xxx"mmxx""n"n x'nTTThereliquaryoftheSeamlessTunicintheBasilicaofSt.Francis,Assisi,Umbria,"n 5\\containsrelicsofthepillaroftheFlagellation,theropethatboundChrist,theseamless"n SSgarment,othergarmentsofChrist,theCrossandgarmentsoftheVirgin[Gauthier,"n  pp. 158-160]."n 'nPPRelicsoftheclothesofChristareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromthe"n  22GrandselveTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchof %%Bouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,"n  pp. 168171]."n Z'nLLAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includessweat,  'caligis'"n BB(vapourorbreath??)andclothesofChrist[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n 'n44ThereisareliquaryoftheHolySepulchreinSanta $$MariaCathedral,Pamplona,Navarre,"n DDSpain,whichalsocontainssomeofhissweat[Gauthier,p.154155]."n Q'n!!TheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasan 44ostensorywithafragmentofthereedandrelicsof"n SS.Lambert,Peterand  Sigismund [Baueretal.,p.244]."n 4'n::[Florence]saysportionsofthereedarein:St.Julian, Lungarde;theConventof"n  ##Andeschs,Bavaria;theConventof Vatopedi,Mt.Athos."n ^'nUUTheslabofporphyryuponwhichthebodyofChristwaslaidandanointedafterbeing"n 3__takendownfromtheCrossusedtobeintheChurchofSt.SaviourPantocratorinIstanbul.It"n 88hadbeenbroughtfromEphesus,Turkey.[Cuddon,p.69.]"n 'nXXTheStoneofUnction,intheChurchoftheHolySepulchre,isthestoneonwhichChrist"n YYwasanointedafterbeingtakendownfromthecross.[Anon;Easter,1973Bigcrowdsat"n ?""ceremoniesinJerusalemandRome;IHT ""(23Apr1973).LaFay,p.777.  Gascoigne.]"n  However, PP[Becker,p.35]saysthestonedatesfrom1810buthemaybereferringtothe"n %FFcoveringslab??[Florence]describesitaaredmarbleslab,about9  ftlongby4 ftwide.`0,*0xxx"mmxx""n"n x'nTherewas(is??)a @@SainteAmpouleofholyoilintheCathedralofRheims(=Reims,"n , ::Marne),usedforthecoronationofkingsofFrance[Isaac  D'Israeli;AmenitiesofLiterature ;"n Newed.,nd[1894?], GGWarne,London,vol.1,p.244].TheTreasuryoftheBishopsofRheims"n hasareliquaryoftheHoly Ampula[ MGG-France ,p.216].An 'ampulfullof  chrism'was"n VbroughttoSt. //Rmibyasnowwhitedovefortheanointingof ClovisatRheims.Thissame"n % ampulwasusedbySt. Bonifacetoanoint PepintheShortinthe8C. [Okey,pp.3536.]"n 'nPPAbout200mnorthoftheDamascusGateofJerusalem,ontheNablusRoad,isthe"n  GARDENTOMB EEwhichmanyProtestantsectsbelievetobethetombofChrist[Anon;"n Easter;1973;op.cit.above;  Jahshan& 11Jahshan,p.35].ThiswasdiscoveredbyGeneral"n ZZGordonin1882andisacharacteristictomboftheperiod,butisactuallyfromByzantine"n times. WW[Becker,pp.4344.]MostChristiansregardtheHolySepulchretobeintheChurchof"n VVthatname.TheChurchalsocontainsthesiteoftheCrucifixionandtheAltarofthe"n \\CrucifixionisoveraholeassertedtobewheretheCrosswaserected,andthesitesofthe"n J""thieves'scrossesarealsomarked ??[Becker,p.37].IntheChapeloftheAngelsisapartofthe0P,*1u` xxx"mmxx""n"n x11stoneonwhichtheAngelsatattheResurrection ++[Becker,p.38]andaportionofthestone"n 88which"wasrolledawayfromtheSepulchre"[Florence]."n 'n53 cartloadsofearthfromGOLGOTHA werebroughttomakethe Campo SantoinPisa"n ~ [Lyall,p.76]. BBRoss&Erichsen[pp.197-201]sayitwas53galleyloadsfromMt.  Calvary,"n broughtbyArchbishop Ubaldo ::Lanfranchiin1188or1192."Someofthisearthhadbeen"n XXtakentoRomebefore,whereitwasfoundthatinthreedayscorpsesburiedthereinwere"n ]]]entirelyconsumed,whichisamostmarvellousthing.""Ihaveheardtheoldmenofthecity"n ddsaythatbeforethefleetwithitsloadenteredintoPisa,itputinnearthechurchofS.Giovanni"n  al ZZGaetaniandthat...manybaskets-fullofthesaidearthwerecarriedashoreandsetdown"n \\outsidethedoorofthechurch.Ihaveheardtoothatthisspot,whichthoughnarrowstill"n RRservesasaburialplace,sharesinthemiraculouspropertiesoftheearthofthe Campo  Santo.""n 4 ``Montaignerepeatsthestoryoftheearthinthelate16C,buthasonedayinsteadofthreedays."n 5'nAcapsulereliquaryfrom Eu,nowintheMuse Dpartemental des Antiquitis,Rouen,"n $$SeineMaritime,containedrelicsof  Calvary[Gauthier,pp.106107]."n 'nNNEarthfromPalestinewastakentoRome,Lazio,Italy,forthecemeteryatthe  Cappuccini"n O (= S. M. della  Concezione)[BG-Rome  ,p.176]."n 'n''EarthfromJerusalemwasbroughttoS.  Crocein !!Gerusalemme,Rome[Hare,p. 425]."n 'n##IntheSchatzkammer,Vienna,isan 11ostensorywithapieceoftheShroud,twostones"n |55fromtheHolyPlacesandrelicsoffourothersaints [Baueretal.,p.298]."n 'nTheChurchof CCNeuvySaintSepulchre,Indre,France,wasbuiltin1040tohouseaP0,*2 P xxx"mmxx""n"n (xhandfulofearthfrom  Calvary[BION14 ]."n i'nMMTheSanctuaryoftheAscensioninJerusalemmarksthespotfromwhichChrist"n ascendedintoheaven[ GiantBION ]. 88[Becker,pp.4849]saystheChapeloftheAscensionis"n =((onthespotanditisinthevillageof EtTurontheMountofOlives."n 'nThreestonesfrom ??CalvarywerepresentedbyGeneralGordonin1880tohisfriend"n H.   Waller,parsonofSt.Nicholas, 55Twywell,Northamptonshire,wheretheyareondisplay"n [Gould,pp.5657,withphoto]."n 'nWWInc1137,HenryofBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alargecrossreliquary"n @@containingmanyrelics,includingstonesfromtheAscensionand Calvary[Gauthier,p.56]."n 'n Emmausiseither ElQureibeorat  Amwasorat Abu ##Ghosh.Thesearetothenorthand"n 66westofJerusalem,about10to20kmfromJerusalem. [Becker,p.64.]"n 9'nUUTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasareliquarywithseveralitemsandanidentifyingband"n JJatthetop.Thisdoesnothaveadetailedmuseumlabel,butthephotoin Baueretal.,aidedby"n X__mymemory,indicatesitcontainsrelicsoftheThreeMagi,oftheskullofSt.Christopher,of"n [[the11,000Virgins,ofSt.Stephen,oftheHolyLand,of(illegible)andofPopeSt.Leo."n  [Baueretal.,p.235.]"n 3'nYY[Florence]saysvariouschurchespreserve"atoothoftheSaviour,apieceofHisbeard,"n YYandasmallphialcontainingoneofthetearswhichHesheduponhearingofthedeathof"n \XXLazarus.AnothercuriousrelicisalegoftheassuponwhichJesusrodeintriumphto"n MMJerusalem."ThereisapairofChrist'ssandalsintheBenedictineAbbeyof  Trves,Gard"n !  [Florence]."n S'n00SomehairsfromthebeardofChristwereatthe MinsterofWimborne Minster,Dorset0,*3pxxx"mmxx""n"n A x[Treves,p.116]."n Q'nWWAccordingtoa'willofChrist'foundataBuddhisttemplesouthofTokyointhe1930s"n [[(butlostintheWar),Christspenthis20sstudyingBuddhisminJapanbeforereturningto"n N//Palestine.Hewasnotcrucifiedhisbrother **Iskiriwas.AfterwardChristbroughthis"n $**brother'sbodybacktoJapan,settlingin 77ShingointhenorthofJapan.Hisdescendentslivein"n A]]thetown.Therearetwotombs,surmountedwithcrosses,containingChristandeitheralock"n of NNIskiri'shairoroneofhisbonesandalockofMaryMagdalene'shair.[Hugo  Gurdon;A"n  Saviourfor Shingo;##TheDailyTelegraphWeekendSection (2Apr1994)12.]"n 'nSSIn2002,ascholarpublishedadescriptionofanossuarydatedto63andinscribed"n ``"James,sonofJoseph,brotherofJesus".Thisraisesmanyquestions,particularlywhyittook"n zLL2000yearstobemadepublic.[MarkEllis;Burialbox'evidenceofJesus'; DailyMirror (22"n  Oct2002)7.]"n "n "n T 'n,nTRUECROSS,ETC. "n "n ]'n,nTRUECROSSANDNAILS"n  ,*4u xxx"mmxx""n"n x'nVVSincepiecesoftheTrueCrosscomprisethelargestnumberofChristianrelics,itis"n \\appropriatetosketchitsstoryhere.TheLegendoftheTrueCrossevolvedinthe38Cand"n ~coverstheperiodupto FFHelena'sdiscoveryofiton3May326.Fromthatpoint,thestoryis"n -aabasicallyhistorical,andthediscoveryisalreadymentionedinwritingsofSt.Cyril,Bishopof"n ___JerusalemandfriendofConstantine,dated348.[Dean]givesabriefoutlineofthethestory."n "n 'nRRWhenAdamwasdying,hesentSethtoEdentobegfortheoilofforgiveness.The"n [[angelwiththeflamingswordrefused,butletSethapproachtheTreeofLife.Therewasa"n ``childsittinginitwhogaveSethaseedfromitandtoldhimtoburyitinAdam'smouth.From"n YYthisgrewatree.TheMonasteryoftheCrossintheWestofJerusalemmarksthesiteof"n YYAdam'sgravewherethetreegrew,withasilverringbythealtarshowingwhereitstood"n  aa[Becker,pp.5556].ThetrunkofthetreewastakenbytheIsraelitesintoEgyptandthenback"n q``toIsrael.Inthewilderness,MosesuseditasthepolefortheBrazenSerpent.InJerusalem,"n __theoriginofthewoodwasforgottenanditwasbuiltintoabridge.TheQueenofShebahada"n ``visionofthewoodanditshistoryandidentifiedit.Solomonthenremovedthewoodforusein"n <YYtheTemple,butbecauseitkeptmiraculouslychangingitssize,itcouldnotbeusedfor"n \__buildinganditwaslaidinthePoolofBethesdaandlaterusedtomaketheCrossforChrist's"n  crucifixion."n +'nWW[Timbs(2),p.97]givesadifferentbackground."TheCrosswasgenerallysupposedto"n |XXhavebeenmadeoffourkindsofwood,signifyingthefourquartersoftheglobe,....""n [[However,thefourkindsarenotagreedupon.Hegives:palm,cedar,olive,cypress(four  ,*5- ` xxx"mmxx""n"n xbbincorruptiblewoods);pine,cedar,box,cypress.Whileotherssayitwasmadeentirelyofoak."n ^ZZThecedarwascutdownbySolomonandburiedbythePoolofBethesda,thenfloatedtothe"n @FFtopfortheCrucifixionwhenitwasusedfortheuprightpartsofthe"n XXcross.Anotheraccountsaysthewoodwasaspen,whoseleaveshavenotceasedtrembling"n y sincethattime."n 'nWhenthe80yearold AAHelenacametoJerusalemonpilgrimageandtoestablishchurches"n YYattheHolyPlaces,sheheardthatthelocationoftheTrueCrosswasknowntothelocal"n Christians,knownas IIJudaicChristiansbecausetheyhadbeenJewsratherthanGentiles.(The"n  ZZJudaicChristianswereatoddswiththeotherChristiansandwereeventuallycondemnedas"n !!hereticalinthe6C.)AJew(or @@JudaicChristian),withtheaptnameofJudas,wassaidtoknow"n iaathelocationoftheCross,butrefusedtotelluntilhehadbeenputintoawell.Heeventually"n s]]revealedthattheCrosswasburiedatGolgotha,currentlyarubbishdump.Thesiteisunder"n =theChapelofSt. JJHelenaintheChurchoftheHolySepulchre.Threecrosseswerefoundand"n hZZthetrueonewasdetectedbylayingadeadman(orasickwoman)onthemtheTrueCross"n +YYrestoredhimtolife(orcuredher)thishappenedon3May326.Traditionsaysitwas"n *discoveredbySt. Quiriace,BishopofJerusalem //[Dunlop,p.165].[Gauthier,p.50]indicates"n l..thesitewasadjacenttotheHolySepulchre. 00[Becker,pp.33&39]saysthereisaChapelof"n DIItheDiscoveryoftheCrossattachedtotheeastendoftheChurch,while  [Jahshan&  Jahshan,"n \\p.20]callittheGrottooftheFindingoftheCross.Itwaspartofanancientcistern."n WWConstantinebuiltabasilicaoveritin335,butitwasdestroyedin614.Muchofthe @,*6xxx"mmxx""n"n MxUUsurroundingrockwascarvedawaytoleavejusttheSepulchreandthetopofGolgotha"n essentiallyfreestanding ::[Becker,p.33].ThereisalsoanadjacentChapelofSt.  Helena,with"n [[anichesaidtohavebeenwhereshesatwatchingtheexcavationanddiscoveryoftheCross"n  [Becker,p.39;  Jahshan& BBJahshan,p.20],encouragingtheworkmenbysprinklinggoldcoins"n ^^intothepit.TheAltaroftheCrucifixionisoverahole,claimedtobewheretheCrosswas"n (@@erected,andthesitesofthethieves'scrossesarealsomarked [Becker,p.37;  Jahshan&"n  **Jahshan,pp.2021].Traditionalsosays ))Helenawasinspiredinadream,whileon Paros,"n wherethechurchof  Panaghia Hecatonpyliani(or ..Katapoliani)marksthesitethislegenddid"n ++notappearinthefirsttwobiographiesof ,,Helena.[Lancaster(2),p.132.Bradford,"n pp. 140-141.]"n 'n UUHelenadivideditintothreepartsonepartwenttoConstantineinConstantinople;"n \\anotherpartwenttoRome;thethirdpartstayedinJerusalem.[Timbs,p.5]mentionsonly"n GGConstantinopleandJerusalem,sayingthegreaterpartwasinJerusalem."n 'nYYAtthistimeConstantinealsoacquiredtheNails,whichweresufficienttomakeahelmet"n _88forhimselfandabridleforhishorse[Timbs,pp.67]."n "n 'nWWThepartinJerusalemwasdescribedalreadyin348whenSt.Cyril,BishopofJerusalem"n y]]andfriendofConstantine,wrote:"thewholeworldisnowfullofpiecesoftheHolyCross,"n ``whichexistsherewithusandfromwhichChristiansdetachparticlesbyreasonoftheirbelief"@ ,*7u` xxx"mmxx""n"n x aa[Baueretal.,p.159;Timbs,p.5].Cyrilassertsitmiraculouslygrowsandgoesontocompare"n CNNitwiththeloavesandfishes[Timbs,p.5].Inthelate4C,theSpanishnun Egeriaspentthree"n YYyearsinJerusalemandrelatedthattheHolyWoodwaskeptinagoldandsilverboxina"n ZZchapelofConstantine'sChurchoftheHolySepulchre.Thestoryofthediscoveryandthe"n connectionwith %%Helenafirstoccurintheearly5C."n D'nWW[Runciman-1,pp.10-11,17,49]saysthepieceoftheTrueCrossandotherrelicswere"n pfoundbythePersiansunder  Chosroes 88IIaftertheirconquestofJerusalemin614andsentto"n "theNestorianChristianQueen MeryemofPersia. ..Heracliusrecoveredtherelicsin628still"n \\intheircases,withsealsunbroken[Florence])andreturnedthemtoJerusalem,puttingthe"n sXXwoodonanaltarintheChurchoftheHolySepulchre.Thoughmanyfragmentsweregiven"n XZZaway,[Dean]saystheboxanditsremainingwoodremainedinJerusalemuntiltheCrusades"n L\\whenitwastakenouttohelptheCrusaders.KingGuyofJerusalemhaditinhishandwhen"n hewascapturedby //Saladin'smenafterthebattleoftheHornsof Hattinin1187.Saladin"n h^^offeredittoRichardIaspartoftheransomforsomeprisoners,butRichardrefusedandhad"n z[[theprisonerskilled,soSaladintiedtheboxtothetailofhishorseanddraggeditinto"n 1  fragments."n 8'nXXOntheotherhand,[Runciman1,pp.1011,17,49;Timbs,p.6]saythatin638(?),the"n ))relicswereremovedtoConstantinopleby 00HeracliusbeforetheArabconquestofJerusalem"n andpreservedat Aghia EESophia.[Timbs]continuesthestory,sayingthatduringthechaotic"n depositionofMichael IIVIIin1078,theCrossanditscasewereacquiredbyacitizenofAmalfi P,*8 xxx"mmxx""n"n x[[andplacedinMonteCassino.ItnextappearsintheCrusadesanditwasbrokenintwoand"n H^^halfwascapturedbySaladinand'mostprobablydestroyed'(thoughthereisanaccountofits"n miraculousrecoverybya FFGenoese).Theremainingpiecestookpartinbattlesintheearly13C"n P[[andwasreturnedtothe(Latin)EmperorinConstantinople,buta'new'CrownofThornshad"n >00becomethemostpopularlyveneratedrelicthere."n 'nXXOnthethirdhand,[Runciman-1,p.294]saysthatOrthodoxpriestshadtaken'themajor"n ]]portionoftheTrueCross'withthemwhentheywereexpelledfromJerusalembeforethesiege"n B]]of1099.AftertheCrusaderconquest,theyweretorturedintorevealingwheretheCrosswas"n c``hidden.Fromthistimeon,theCross(orpiecesofit)wasfrequentlytakenintobattlebythe"n [[Crusaders.[Runciman-2,pp.75,79,89,132,148,153,154,158,161,164,166,204,338,"n F\\339,374,390,416,432,434,455.Runciman-3,pp.161,169.]In1187,theTrueCrosswas"n ,>>carriedbytheBishopofAcreintotheBattleoftheHornsof Hattinandwascapturedby Taki"n / ]]ed-Din,nephewofSaladin[Runciman-2,p.459].Itthenbecameanobjectiveinthestruggle"n VVbetweenCrusadersandArabs[Runciman-3,pp.50,53,54(note1),59&63].By1192,"n PVVSaladinhadreturnedittotheHolySepulchre,butotherfragmentswererecoveredand"n presentedtoRichard  Lionheart 77[ibid,p.68].TheQueenofGeorgiaofferedtobuyit [ibid,"n p. 74].DukeLeopold BBVIofAustriatookafragmenthomewithhimin1219.WhenSultan"n  HHal-KamilagreedtoreturntheTrueCrossin1221,itcouldnotbefound [ibid,p.170]."n "n /'nWWThepartinRome,Lazio,Italy,wasrediscoveredin1492forsomereasonithadbeen"n walledupinSantaCrocein ??GerusalemmeseeunderRomebelow.ButothersourcessaytheP,*9xxx"mmxx""n"n 9xEmperor TTTheodosiuspresentedthegreaterpartoftheCrosstoSt.Ambroseanditwasplaced"n inthemainchurchinMilan, Lombardia.The $$Hunscarrieditawayandburntit.  [Mackay,"n r  p. 696.]"n "n 'nUU[Gauthier,p.115]saystheCrosswasinConstantinoplein320(!)andoozeddropsof"n [SSHolyBloodwhencutseeunderBloodbelow.Inthe11C,theCrownofThorns,the"n 5WWSeamlessGarment,alltheothermajorrelicsofthePassionand'Veronica'sVeil'from Edessa"n !(modern TTUrfa,Turkey)wereallatConstantinople[Runciman1,pp.1011,17,49].[Gauthier,"n ;^^pp.58&160.]saysmanyrelicsofChrist,includingpiecesoftheCrossandsomenails,were"n inthe JJBucoleonChapelofthePalaceinConstantinoplebeforetheSackof1204. [Baueretal.,"n ccp.165]saysthatitwasbelievedthatthelargestthreepiecesoftheCrosswerehere,aswellas"n <00aringofSolomonandthestaffofMoses.But[EverymanIstanbul ,pp.148149]saysthe"n IIrelicsoftheTrueCrossandtheCrownofThornswereintheTreasuryof Haghia  Sophia(now"n ``theMuseumDirector'sOffice)builtbyJustinian.[Dean]saysitwaskeptintheChapelofthe"n R]]Pharosandquotesacontemporarydescription:"twopiecesoftheTrueCross,aslargeasthe"n [[legofaman".ThepartinConstantinoplewascapturedintheSackof1204,buttheLatin"n EmperorBaldwin JJIIpawneditandtheCrownofThornsandthesewereredeemedbySt.Louis"n \\andmovedtoParisabout1238.[Runciman3,p.263]saysBaldwinsoldtherelicswhichhad"n F]]survivedthe1204SackofConstantinople,before1249.[Timbs,p.6]saystheyweresoldto`,*:uPxxx"mmxx""n"n _xIILouisin1238.[Hare(2),p.277]saystheCrownwentfromEmperorJean de Brienneanda"n 33greatportionoftheCrosswentfromhissuccessor &&BaudouintoLouis,butgivesnoother"n  details.SeeunderParisbelow."n "n "n u'nGauthier[p.56]saysA. ==Frolowhastracednearly1000crossreliquariesintwomajor"n  publications."n F'nW.W.Seymour[''TheCrossinTradition,HistoryandArt ;1898,p.121]listspieces"n . inthefollowingplaces.'n  A"mmxx,'nParis Sainte  Chapelle.[Hachette-Paris 00,pp.31,34,35]mentionsthis,butsaysitis,n 5""nowintheTreasureofNotre-Dame.'n  ParisS. Germain.'n .66RomeinthetopoftheobeliskinPiazzaS.Pietro[MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 205].'n Seville.'n MalmesburyAbbey.'n R  BromholmMonastery.'n  ++Tracton(Monastery?),nearDublin,Ireland.'n   Etchmiazin (Etchmiadzyn),Armenia.'n 7  Jerusalem."n %A"mmxx""n',111HealsocitesthepiecesnowatRheims(=Reims, Marne),inS.Crocein Gerusalemme,Rome,"n DDandformerlyatHolyCross,describedbelow.Hesaysthepiecesin Etchmiazin,S.Croceand"n a,,Jerusalemarethethreeprincipalpieces.[&&BION!GreatandStrangeWorksofMan ;Tor"n (Tom ==DohertyAssociates),NY,1992,p.101]saystheCathedralof Etchmiadzyn,builtby"n  AATiridatesin303,wasthefirstbuildingtobetoppedbyacross."n "n "n 'nSSApieceoftheTrueCrosswasreputedlyinthegoldencrossmadein1162tohonour"n \Princess,laterSaint, 88Eufrosina(?1173),thegranddaughterofthefounderof  Bielarus"n  (formerly ,,Byelorussia).Thecrosswasinamuseumin ))Mahilow(Ican'tlocatethisitmaybe"n anewspellingof LLMogilev)until1941whenitdisappearedduringtheNaziinvasion.In1993,` ,*;e@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 9xaathenewcountrywasappealingforitbackasasymbolofitsnationalidentity,butitslocation"n wasunknown.  [IanBlack; 22Bielarusseeksreturnofancientsymbolofunity; TheGuardian "n (14 Oct1993)11.]"n \'n[Gauthier,p.57]says ??AmauryIofJerusalem,12C,acquiredalargepieceoftheTrue"n ''CrossfromthechurchofSt.Georgein  Lydda(= Ramleh)."n J'n--EmperorBaldwingaveapieceoftheCrossto ""PhilipAugustus[Gauthier,p.74]."n 'nWWTheHolyRoodofScotlandwasacrosscontainingapieceoftheTrueCross.Thepiece"n MMwasgivenbyCharlemagnetoanancestorofSt.Margaret,QueenofScotland. [BryanH.Fell;"n TheHousesofParliament CC;8thed.,Eyre&Spottiswoode,London,1958,p.49.][Dean]says"n jPPthispieceisbelievedtohavecomefromWalthamAbbey,London.Itwaskeptat  Holyrood"n P((Abbey,Edinburgh,untiltheReformation."n 'n [Stein& MMMacNee,p.38]saytherearefourteennailsatleastsixteenarementioned"n L//below,thoughsomeofthesemayberepetitions."n "n 'nDDMISCELLANEOUSLOCATIONSINALPHABETICORDERnotethatsomeofthe"n 55reliquariesmaynolongercontaintherelevantrelic."n "n 'nTheImperialCrossofEmperor Conrad ++IIcontainedtheHolyLance(qv)andsmall"n cWWfragmentsoftheTrueCross.ItispartoftheImperialCrownJewels,onceatAachen,"n LLNordrheinWestfalen,Germany,butitisnowintheImperialTreasuryofthe Hofburg,Vienna"n \\withareplicaintheRathausofAachen.TheHolyLanceisalsopartofthisTreasureat"n ZZAachen,theLanceisdisplayedasaseparateitem,saidtohavebeenpurchasedbyHenryI"n ~\\(c920)fromKingRudolphofBurgundy.Itisjustthebladeofalance,hollowedoutwitha"n ((nailfromtheTrueCrossinsertedinit. p,*<xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nRRIntheearly13C,BishopWilliamofBeaumontbroughtapieceoftheTrueCrossto"n **Angers,MaineetLoire[Gauthier,p.140]."n }'nTheArmenianprince  Aplgharib 44PahlavunibroughtapieceoftheCrossin1034from"n Constantinopleto ((Ani,whoseruinsaresome50kmeastof Kars,Turkey.Therelicwas"n L]]installedintheChurchoftheHolyRedeemeranddevotionsweretobeheldnightlyuntilthe"n ::SecondComing![Freely,pp.323324;Freely(2),p.500.]p`,*=u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'n--AfragmentoftheCrosswasinthechurchat Apamea,northSyria [Kate Dourian;Road"n 1HHfromthesandsoftimeleadstoSyriancitythatwashosttoCleopatra;Guardian (13Jul1994)"n :11]."n 'nTTThereliquaryoftheSeamlessTunicintheBasilicaofSt.Francis,Assisi,Umbria,"n 55containsrelicsoftheCross[Gauthier,pp.158160]."n 'nThecathedralat Astorga,Castileand ,,Len,Spain,hadacrossmadefromtheTrue"n &&CrosswhichhadcomefromtheKnights  Templarsat Ponferrada,Castileand  Len,Spain"n [Gauthier,p.100].[ MGG-Spain ::,p. 54]saysthereisnowa13CgoldfiligreeHolyCross"n W  reliquary."n 1'nIIAlargepieceoftheTrueCrossisintheChurchoftheAnnunciation(or Catholicon)in"n CtheMonasteryof LLVatopedionMt.Athos,Greece[Lancaster(2),p.77=Lancaster(3),p.82;"n  de Jongh,p.272]."n i'nYYSplintersoftheTrueCrossareinacrossreliquaryinthetreasuryoftheMonasteryof"n Grand Lavra,Mt.Athos,Greece [de Jongh,p.280]."n 'nYYThelargestpieceonMt.AthosisintheChurchoftheFortyMartyrsintheMonasteryof"n   Xeropotamou [de Jongh,p.296]."n 'n##AfragmentisintheChurchofthe **Analypsis(Ascension)intheMonasteryof"n  Esphigmenou,Mt.Athos,Greece [de Jongh,p.297]."n 'nPartsareintheChurchof Ayios StephanosintheMonasteryof Kastamonitou,Mt."n Athos,Greece [de Jongh,p.298]."n 'nWWThereisapieceoftheTrueCrossandaHolyThornintheSacristyoftheBasilicaof"n S.  00Nicola,Bari,Puglia,givenbyCharlesofAnjou [ENIT,p.35]."n e'nThecathedralin HHBarletta,Puglia,hasareliquaryforafragmentoftheTrueCross,but"n //it'snotclearifthefragmentisstillthere[MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 63].``,*> xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n wx'nThe  hpitalat GGBaug,MaineetLoire,FrancehasarelicoftheTrueCross.Thiswas"n givenbyThomas,Bishopof !!Hierapetra,tothecrusaderJean d'Alluyein1241.Uponhis"n ::returntoFrancein1244,JeangaveittotheAbbeyofla Boissire.[Rorimer,p.66.]"n n'n&&TheMonasteryoftheHolyCross,near //Thurles,Co.Tipperary,Irelandhadapieceof"n . theTrueCross,givenbyPascal  IItoKing Murtagh $$O'Brien.Seymour[loc.cit.above]"n 77mentionsthispiece.Aftermanyyears,itcametothe $$Ursulinenunsin1809andisnowin"n _theirconventin Blackrock,Co.Cork.  [Aodhagan  Brioscu;IrishChurches ; Folens,Dublin,"n c1976,p.18. Jim  Cantwell;HolyPlacesofIreland "";NewEnglishLibrary,London,nd"n n [c1976],p.58.]"n 'nThechurchof EEBromholm,Norfolk,hadarelicoftheTrueCross,resultingfromthe"n 00SackofConstantinople[Hutton,p.117].[Rick  O'Brien;East AnglianCuriosities ;The"n 44DovecotePress,Wimborne,Dorset,1992,p.14]says BromholmPrioryisin Bacton,Norfolk."n )]]In1223,awanderingmonkwithhistwochildrengavethePrioryapieceoftheTrueCrossin"n ``exchangeforaplaceinthePriory,whichsoonbecamefamousandrich.HenryIIIvisiteditin"n !LLthe1230sandendowedthePriorywithlands.ChaucerreferredtoitintheCanterburyTales "n  as'Holy  Croisof GGBromeholme'.Therelicraised39peoplefromthedeadandcured19of"n ;;blindness.AttheDissolutionin1535,therelicwaslost."n "n !'n--ThereisasplinteroftheTrueCrossinthe ++Jeruzalemkerk(=ChurchoftheHolyCross)"n UUinBrugge(Bruges),WestVlaanderen,Belgium.ItwasbroughtbackfromJerusalemby"n  Anselmo QQAdornesin1471.Thechurchitselfwasbuiltbyhisfatherandunclein1427-28`,*?mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 1xZZbasedondrawingsoftheoriginal12CCrusaderChurchoftheHolySepulchre,whichburned"n Pdownbythe16C.[Jan ..Sjoby;ABelgiancountandhisfamilychurch;IHT (3May1974)??]"n l'n**ThereisapieceoftheTrueCrossatSt. **Edmund'sCollege,Cambridge[Conversation"n 6  withWill Ryan]."n 'nCCTherewasapieceoftheTrueCrossinthechurchofSantaCruzin CaravacadelaCruz,"n  TTMurcia,Spain,butitwasstolenin1934.In1231,thiscrosshadgonemissingand"n VVmiraculouslyreappearedwhenapriestcelebratedmassbeforetheMoorishkingwhohad"n ! capturedhim.[ MGG-Spain  ,p.85.]"n 'n<>(Pantokrator)inConstantinoplehadarelicoftheTrueCross"n ZZwhichwaspillagedinthe13CandwoundupinAlsace[Lancaster(2),p.91].Perhapsvia"n 3  S. Louis??"n K'nBrotherElias(or  Elia)of <>(Genova),Liguria,obtainedin1336acrossreliquary'ofthe"n w 66Zaccarias'fromSt.JohnofEphesus[Gauthier,p.98]."n S'n""Acrossreliquarywassenttothe %%GrandmontTreasury,HauteVienne,by  AmauryIof"n j==Jerusaleminthe12C.Thiswasdistributedtothechurchof Milhaguetin1792which"n .[[depositeditintheMuseumorCathedralatLimoges,HauteVienne,fromwhichitwasstolen"n SSin1980.Therelicmayhavebeenlostin1792.[Gauthier,pp.34,3637&5657.]"n ]'n//ThereisapieceoftheCrossinthechurchof Guerno,France[BION24  ,p.44]."n 'n**ThereisapieceoftheTrueCrossinthe Cistercianabbeychurchof Heiligenkreuz,"n MMAustria.ItwasbequeathedtoAustriabytheKingofJerusaleminthe12C. [CarolesChester;"n EssentialVienna ..;AAPublishing,Basingstoke,1992,p.69.][Vienna  ;Verlag  Bauer,nd"n O<<[c1996],p.123]saysitwaspresentedbyLeopoldVin1188.,*CuP xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nWWTherewasalargepieceoftheTrueCrossattheAbbey(?)ofImpruneta,Toscana,south"n $ofFlorence,presentedby Filippo degli Scolari[Hutton,p.164165]."n 'nSSTherewasarelicoftheTrueCross,broughtfromtheHolyLandinthe10C,atthe"n chapeloftheHolyCross (Kreuzlingen)inSt. Ulric'sBasilica, Kreuzlingen,Switzerland"n : [MGGSwitzerland  ,p.120]."n w'n''TherewasapieceoftheTrueCrossin ++Kruishoutem,Oost-Vlaanderen,Belgium[Jan"n V 33Sjoby;10millioneggschangehandseveryTuesday;IHT (12Apr1974)],butitisnot"n ementionedin[MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg  ,p.272]."n ('n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt. GeorgCathedral,  Limburgan der Lahn,Hessen.Itwas"n 66broughtbackfromthe4thCrusadein1207byHeinrich von Ulmen,giventoaconventin"n  ++Stuben,movedtoTrierin1788andthento --Limburgin1827.[Gauthier,pp.6869&72.]"n #'n,,ThecapsulereliquaryofSt.GeorgeandSt. **Demetrius,ofc1100Byzantinework,hada"n c^^pieceoftheTrueCrossinsertedinitbythe18C.ItisnowintheBritishMuseum,London."n k [Gauthier,pp.4244.]"n 'n++TherewasapieceoftheTrueCrossinDon **Saltero'sCoffeeHouseandMuseum,akind"n ''ofexhibitioninLondon,in1760[John O'London[pseud.of Wilfred  Whitten]; MoreLondon"n 1Stories  ;George Newnes,London,1928,p.161]."n 'n++ApieceoftheTrueCrosswasgiventoSt. ,,Helen's,Bishopsgate,Londonin1285[Kent,"n p.77]."n "'nJJThereisarelicoftheTrueCrossinSt.MagnustheMartyr,London.[J.  Wittich;"n DiscoveringLondonCuriosities ??;Shire,Aylesbury,1973;p.60.Kent,p.78.]Kentsaysthe"n ) &&churchstillclaimstohavethepiece.0,*D P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 7x'n,,TherewasapieceoftheTrueCrossatJohn ##Tradescant'sArkinSouthLambeth,"n Q&&London,accordingtoadescriptionby Georg  Christoph Stirnin1638[M.Welch;The"n  Tradescants... ;1978,p.6; Weschler,p.96].[Arthur  MacGregor;ArktoAshmolean ;"n R??AshmoleanMuseum,Oxford,2nded.,1988,p.11]saysHenrietta Mariaentrustedthe"n S \\Tradescantswithsafekeepingofafragmentandpartofthis'whichcasuallyhadbeenbroken"n  fromit'was CC'deteyned'attheArk.However,Ican'tfindthisin[Tradescant]."n 'nVVTherewereseveralpiecesoftheTrueCrossinWestminsterAbbey,London,includinga"n [[greatpartwithmanyotherpiecesandagreatpartofoneofthenailsgivenbyEdwardthe"n mSSConfessor[Kent,p.74].ApiecewasinanaltaratthefootofthetombofHenry VII,"n WestminsterAbbey  [JudiCulbertson&TomRandall;PermanentLondoners ;RobsonBooks,"n s London,1991,p.55]."n |'nGGThereisapieceoftheTrueCrossinWestminsterCathedral,London.[ BG-London ,"n p. 12.Kent,p.78.]"n r'n00TherewasacrossreliquaryattheMonasteryof &&Lorsch[Gauthier,p.185].(Probably"n the ,,LorschinHessen,abitnorthofMannheim??)"n 'n Luccasee: Farneta."n 'nTheMuseoComunalein ??Lucignano,Toscana,hasamassivereliquarycalledtheTreeof"n  [[Lucignano.Itwasmadeduring13501471toholdsomesplintersoftheTrueCrossandsome"n ++(unspecified)Franciscanrelics.[Susanna  Buricchi; Musei  dentrole Mura ; Officinedella"n  33Cultura,Arezzo,nd[obtainedin2001],pp.2527.]"n u'n[Gauthier,p.57]says ??AmauryIofJerusalem,12C,acquiredalargepieceoftheTrue"n ''CrossfromthechurchofSt.Georgein  Lydda(= Ramleh).00,*Exxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nCCTheReliquaryChapeloftheRoyalConventoftheIncarnation(Real Conventodela"n  XXEncarnacin)inMadrid,Madrid,Spain,contains'some1500relics'.Ofthese,themost"n 88famousareabitoftheTrueCrossandthebloodofSt.  Pantaleon.[ MGG-Spain  ,p.146.]"n 'nMaltaseeunderRhodes."n K'nSSThereisacrosscontainingsixfragmentsoftheTrueCrossintheBasilicaofSt."n Barbara,Mantua  (Mantova), ;;Lombardia.Itis9CworkformConstantinople.[Gauthier,"n  pp. 26&29.]"n T'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin,  Mettlach %%(Pfalz)[Gauthier,pp.7071&80]."n  ##(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n 'nWWThereisa'HolyNailoftheCross'inatabernaclenearthealtaroftheCathedralof"n  Milan,  Lombardia [Converso,p.13]."n 'n::ThereisacrossreliquaryintheSacredHeartConventat Mons(Bergen),Hainaut"n [Gauthier,p. 149]."n k'nCCThe'IronCrownofLombardy'usedtocrowntheKingofLombardyin Monza,"n t \\Lombardia,inthelate8C,wasformedaroundanail[Gauthier,p.138].[Timbs,pp.8687]0p,*F xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xsaysitwasusedtocrown CCAgilulfusatMilanin591andNapoleonin1805.Itiskeptinthe"n ( Chapelof TeodolindaintheCathedralof Monza."n 'nThe ++PierpontMorganLibrary,NewYork,hasthe '''StavelotTriptych'whichcontainstwo"n ::smallreliquariesoftheTrueCross[Gauthier,pp.4851]."n 'nRRAreliquarytabernacle,withapieceoftheCross(?),madeforQueenElizabethof"n 88HungaryisinNewYork(where?)[Gauthier,pp.149150]."n f'nRRThereisapieceoftheCrossinareliquaryatSt.Patrick'sCathedral,NewYork"n !  [Florence]."n P'nNNTherewasalargepieceoftheCrossinthemainLutheranchurchofNuremberg"n (Nrnberg),Bayern,in1716 [Montagu,p.9]."n D'nXXThereisafragmentoftheTrueCrossandapieceoftheropewhichtiedChrist'shands"n $$intheMonasteryoftheHolyCross, Omodhos,Cyprus [Nagel,p.115]."n 'nMMArelicoftheTrueCrosswas(is?)inSt.CrossChurch,Oxford,Oxfordshire  [Heyworth,"n p.119]."n ]'n22ThereisapieceoftheCrossintheCappelladel TesorooftheBasilicaofSt. Anthony"n !!(and/orintheCathedral),Padua (Padova),Veneto[BG-NI "",p.266;Kent,p.79;Foligno,"n p. 198]."n 'nTheConventat CCPairis(Greece??)hadarelicoftheCrosswhichtheypresentedto Philip"n of GGSwabiain1205,apparentlytoassistintheCrusades[Gauthier,p.78]."n 'nRRThereisareliquaryoftheTrueCrossintheTreasuryMuseumoftheCathedralin Palma"n de  Mallorca, ##Mallorca,BalearicIslands,Spain[ MGG-Spain  ,p.267]."n &'nWWTheTreasuryoftheCathedralofPamplona,Navarre,Spain,hasareliquaryoftheTrue"n Cross."n m'nXXTheTreasuryofNotre-Dame,Paris,containsapieceoftheCross,part(orall?)ofthe"n WWCrownofThornsandanailfromtheCross.[Hachette-Paris,p.34.Cf.underSeymourp`,*G ` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 7x``above.][Hare (2),p.306]onlymentionstheCrownandanail,thelatterfromSt.Denis.For"n 22detailsabouttheCrown,seeunderCrown,below. --[Cronin,p.44]saysrelicsoftheCrossand"n (''Crownwereplacedintheballoverthe 55flcheofNotreDame.TheSainte-Chapellewasbuilt"n \\in12421248tohousetherelics.Therelicsandtheirshrinecost2~timesasmuchasthe"n eLLSainte-Chapelle.AleafletfromtheSainteChapellesaysthebuildingcost40,000andthat"n 44LouisIX(St.Louis)boughttherelicsfromEmperor !!BaudoinIIforthe(atthetime)"n eZZoutrageoussumof135,000.TherelicswerekeptinNotreDameuntiltheSainteChapelle"n n\\wasready.[Timbs,p.6]saystherelicoftheCrossdisappearedon20May1575anditwas"n 3rumouredthatHenry DDIIhadsoldittoVenice.Toassuagetheupsetofthepopulace,he"n ]]replaceditwithanewcrossatEaster"ofthesameshape,sizeandappearance,andasserted"n ccthatinDivinepowers,orclaimtoreligiousworship,itwasbutlittleinferiortoitsmodel"and"n aathiswasgratefullyaccepted,butnotraceoftheoriginalwaseverfound.TheshrineinSainte"n YYChapellewasmelteddownduringtheRevolutionbutsomeoftherelicsweresavedandare"n /77nowinthetreasuryofNotre-DameandtheBibliothque $$Nationale.TheCrown,aNailanda"n \FFpieceoftheTrueCrossareexhibitedonGoodFridayatNotreDame.[ MGG-Paris  ,pp.55,"n WW57&60.][Gauthier,p.90]saysacrossreliquarywasbroughttoNotreDamebyCanon Ansel"n MMin1108.[Hare (2),p.306]saysthereisalsoarelicoftheCrosssentto Galon,Bishopof"n Paris,in1109."n 'nKing Childebert,sonof BBClovis,broughtapieceoftheCrossandthetunicofSt.Vincent"n 9GGfromSpainin542andbuiltSt-Germain-des-Prs,Paris,tohousethem[ MGG-Paris  ,p.106].`,*Hmxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nIntheLouvre,Paris,isthe <<'FloresseTriptych'builttoholdapieceoftheTrueCross"n 5 presentedto FloresseAbbeyin1204by 33PhiliptheNoble,CountofNamur,whohadreceived"n ]]itfromhisbrother,theEmperorBaldwinIofFlanders.'Therelicdistilleddropsofblood"n __duringtheOfficeoftheInventionoftheTrueCross'on3Oct1254andthereliquarywasthen"n  &&madeforit.[Gauthier,pp.149151]."n 'n33AlsointheLouvreisacrossreliquarycalledthe JaucourtShrine[Gauthier,"n  pp. 177-179]."n K'n::ApieceoftheTrueCrosswasupforauctionattheHotel Drouot,Paris,in1992"n C [Josephine &&Arkill;Howtobuyacrownofthorns; TheTimes ,(11Apr1992)40.]"n 'nInthe MMConciergerie,Paris,isareliquaryoftheTrueCrossthatbelongedtoMarie"n   Antoinette."n 'nParisseealsoSt.Denis."n 'nSSA1201inventoryoftheTreasuryofSt.JohnonPatmoslistsfragmentsoftheTrue"n * Cross[Gauthier,p.58]. ,*I` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ax'n//ThereisaCrossreliquaryintheMonasteryof Fonte  Avellan, Pesaro, Marche,butthe"n ::actualwoodseemstohavebeenlost[Gauthier,pp.5456]."n 'n;;ApieceoftheCrosswasbroughttoPisa,Toscana,in1100 [Ezio Nuti;Pisae la sua"n e Provinca ;  Editrice MMFelici,Pisa,1967?,p.24].IhaveanotethatitwasbestowedonPisafor"n ]]theirgreatcourage(atthecaptureofJerusalem),butIcannotrelocatemysource.Source??"n K'nThecrossreliquaryof Ottokar II 00PremyslofBohemiaisinSt.Peter'sCathedral,"n ++Regensburg,Bayern[Gauthier,pp.147148]."n 'n77TheTalismanofCharlemagnewasgiventohimin807by Haroun  al-Rashid,"n kZZacknowledgingCharlemagneasprotectorofJerusalem.Itcontainedacrossfashionedfrom"n WWwoodoftheTrueCross.ItwasburiedwithCharlemagne,atAixlaChapelle(=Aachen,"n ((NordrheinWestfalen,Germany),butOtto 55IIIopenedthetomb186yearslaterandplaceditin"n C__theTreasuryoftheChurch.Napoleontookitin1804andhisheirsplaceditintheCathedral"n 1atRheims(=Reims,  Marne).[BION5 88,pp.46-47.][Seymour,loc.cit.above,mentionsthis"n  piece.][ MGG-France  ,p.216.]"n 'nTTAcrossmadefromtheTrueCrosswasinRhodes.ItwastakentoMaltaandthelast"n ))GrandMastertookittoRussiain1798.  [Durrell(& Torr),pp.112&154.]"n 'nWWTherearethreepiecesoftheCross,two(orthree)nails,theTitleoftheCross,two"n >^^spinesfromtheCrownofThorns,thecrosspieceoftheGoodThief'scrossandafingerofSt."n VThomas,allinS.Crocein !!Gerusalemme,Rome,Lazio,Italy[BG-Rome ,p.211].TheTitle"n !aa(andtheotherrelics?)wasrediscoveredherein1492[Hare,p.425].[Florence]saystheTitle ,*J P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xis3~  ftlongby1 fthigh."n W'nXXTherearepiecesoftheTrueCrossinSt.Peter's,Rome;onepieceneartheHighAltar,"n QcollectedbySt. $$Helena;andothersintheTreasury[BG-Rome ,pp.261&266].Justinian II"n 1 andhiswife SSSophiadonatedareliquarywithapieceoftheTrueCrosstoSt.Peter'sinthe6C"n  [Baueretal.,p.159]."n S'n99TherearefivepiecesandanotherpieceintheChapelof PiusVintheVatican,Rome."n 3""ThesewereformerlyintheSancta  Sanctorum.[BG-Rome  ,p.290.]"n 'nVVOneoftheaboveisprobablyinthecrossreliquaryofPascalI(9C),formerlyinthe"n Sancta &&Sanctorum,Rome,andnowintheMuseo Sacro !!Vaticano[Gauthier,pp.142144]."n 'nRRThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard',includingrelicsofmany"n T88othersaints(Icanmakeout33names),isnowinSanta Maria, Roncesvalles, Navarra,Spain"n %%[Gauthier,pp.130133].Thelater[ MGGSpain **,p.190]saysitisintheMuseumofthe"n RoyalCollegiateChurch."n 'nRussiaseeunderRhodes."n 3'nYYTherewasapieceatSt.Denis,SeineStDenis,in1654[Kent,p.79].Therewasanail"n ``inthe12CseeunderCrownofThorns.AnailwasincludedintherelicsofSt.Denisandhis"n ==companionsandexposedin1053cfSt.DenisinSaintslist [Okey,p.56]."n 'n==ThereisafragmentoftheTrueCrossintheAbbeyChurchof StGuilhemleDesert,"n PHrault,France[ MGGFrance ::,p.233].[Rorimer,p.16]saysitwaspresentedbythe"n cLLPatriarchofJerusalemtoCharlemagnein800andCharlemagnegaveittoSt.  Guilhem,who"n ! wasoneofhisadvisers."n 'n;;AcrossreliquarybelongingtothechurchofNotreDamein St.Omer,PasdeCalais,is,*Kpxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n tx intheMuse !!Sandelin[Gauthier,pp.144145]."n 'nTTApriestcarryingapieceoftheTrueCrossfoundthathisshipcouldnotpassCape"n %""VenusuntilitwasrenamedCapde Creus,whichisnear Sant Perede Rodes,Catalonia,justS"n I``oftheFrenchborder.TheHolyCrossisveneratedthere,butthelegenddoesn'tstatethatthe"n 44describedpiecewasdepositedthere.[JoanBadiai Homs; Monasteryof Sant Perede Rodes"n % HistoricandArchitecturalGuide  ;Curial  Edicions ##Catalanes,Barcelona,1993,p.27.]"n 'nThemonasteryofSanto  Toribiode Libana,inthe  Picosde Europa,northernSpain,has"n OOthe'largestknownpieceoftheTrueCross'.ItwasbroughtfromJerusalemby Turbius,Bishop"n of  Astorga,inthe8C.Itisina camarininthechurch.[ MGG-Spain  ,p.173.]"n 'nDDThereisareliquaryoftheTrueCrossintheDiocesanMuseumofLa Seu  d'Urgell,"n Catalonia[ManuelPali Casanovas,Albert Vivesi Mir& Jaume  Tarragoi  Farrera; Cathedral"n MandDiocesanMuseumof Urgell ; Bisbat  d'Urgell,La Seu d'Urgell,1987,pp.8889]."n ''nDDThereisanailfromtheTrueCrossinS.Domenico,Spoleto,Umbria [Rowdon,p.269]."n ''n77ThereisapieceoftheTrueCrossinthemonasteryof Stavrovouni,Cyprus.The"n $$monasterywasfoundedin326bySt.  Helenawhodonatedthispiece. [Nagel,p.83.]"n m'n??ThereisapieceoftheTrueCrossintheParishChurchofSan Francesco,Santa Cruz,"n //Tenerife,CanaryIslands[ElizabethNicholas;MadeiraandTheCanaries ;HamishHamilton,"n A London,1953,p.182].0,*LuP xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n  x'n Thurlesseeunder  Blackrock."n 'nCCThereisareliquarytriptychoftheHolyCrossintheTreasuryof  OnzeLieve"n Vrouwebasiliek,Tongeren (Tongres),Limburg,Belgium[MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg ,"n p. 301]."n I'n))Thereisa'CasketoftheTrueCross'in ..St.Sernin,Toulouse,HautGaronne,holdinga"n \HHfragmentreceivedfromJerusaleminthelate12C[Gauthier,pp.8688; MGG-Dordogne+ ,"n p. 175]."n Z'n44AreliquaryoftheTrueCrossisintheTreasuryof CathdraleNotreDamein Tournai"n  (Doornik),Hainaut,Belgium[MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg  ,p.307]."n 'nTTThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.Matthias,Trier,RheinlandPfalz,madetohousea"n 44fragmentoftheTrueCrossbroughtbackbyHeinrich von Ulmenin1207[Gauthier,"n   pp. 72-74]."n ?'nWWVenice,Veneto,acquiredapieceoftheCrossaftertheSackofConstantinoplein1204"n C [Okey(2),p. 82]. 44[Okey(2),p.341]mentionsapiecebroughtbackby Filippo de'  Massari"n perhapsthesameone,but [ BGVenice ,p.139]says Filippo de'Masseribroughtitbackin"n YY1369andthispiecewasthesubjectofthegreatseriesofpaintingsintheAccademiaby"n  Carpaccio,Gentile LLBelliniandothers.[Gauthier,pp. 7678]showsareliquarymadewithfive"n >\\piecesoftheCrossforEmperorHenryofFlandersforhiscoronationin1206andsoongiven"n ---toVeniceitisnowintheTreasuryofSan Marco.In1204, Genoancorsairscaptured"n  99'Helena'sCross'fromtheVenetians[Gauthier,p.102]. [ BGVenice ,p.164]saysaReliquary"n EEoftheCross(1379)wasbroughtfromCyprusandisnowintheScuola deSanGiovanni"n  Evangelista,Venice. ::[Buckley&Robinson,p.130]saysthepieceintheScuola deSan0 ,*M ` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x Giovanni ""Evangelistawaspresentedin1369."n }'nCCThereisaNailintheTreasuryofSt.Mark,Venice[Timbs,p.86]."n 0'nTheImperialCrossofEmperor Conrad //II(c1025)containedtheHolyLance(qv)anda"n Z__substantialpieceoftheTrueCross.ItispartoftheImperialCrownJewels,onceatAachen,"n ]WWNordrheinWestfalen,Germany,butnowintheImperialTreasury(Schatzkammer),Vienna,"n ]]withreplicasintheRathausofAachen.ThepieceoftheTrueCrossisoftendescribedasa"n =bbfragmentorparticle,butitis25.3 cmlong,whichisoneofthelargestpiecesthatIhaveseen"n __orheardof.Further,thispiececontainsaholefromoneoftheNails,soitisofexcessive"n YYsanctityandcouldonlyhavecomefromtheByzantineEmperor,butitsoriginisunknown,"n 55thoughthemostlikelyperiodisduringthereignof Konrad II,10241039,sincehesenta"n $$delegationtotheByzantineEmperor Romanos III **ArgyrosandhecommissionedtheImperial"n -^^Crosswhichwasusedtoholdthefragment.TheHolyLance,qv,isalsopartofthisTreasure"n ``andcontainsanailinahollow.ApparentlyfragmentsofTrueNailswereinsetascrossesinto"n [[theLanceandpossiblytheinsetnail,leadingtothenailbecomingknownasaTrueNail."n C !![Baueretal.,pp.155166.]An armboneofSt. ..AnneandatoothofSt.JohntheBaptistwere"n  alsokeptintheImperialCross."n 4'nSSTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasmanyotherfragmentsoftheCross.Apiecewasonce"n ==intheCrossofAllegianceoftheOrderoftheGoldenFleece [Baueretal.,pp.206207]."n Thereisapieceinthe14C ""'Monile'(pendant)ofCharlemagne [Baueretal.,pp.235236]."n mNNSeveralpiecesareinthereliquarycrossofKingLudwigtheGreatofHungary [Baueretal., ,*Nxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Ax55pp. 238-239].Apiecewasonceinanotherreliquary **[Baueretal.,pp.239240].Thereisan"n 00ostensorywithapieceoftheCrossandaThorn 33[Baueretal.,p.246].Thereisalsoareliquary"n UUwhichhadapieceoftheCrossanddropsoftheBlood,buttheBloodpartismissing  [Baueret"n ^^al.,pp.276277].AnotherreliquarycontainsthenailthatwentthroughChrist'srighthand"n  ]][Baueretal.,pp.303303].ThemonstranceoftheStarCrossOrdercontainsapieceofthe"n x##Crosswhichsurvivedafireinthe **Hofburgthoughitsgoldmountingmelted [Baueretal.,"n H&&pp. 304305].Thereareotherpieces 77[Baueretal.,pp.316,322323,327328,340,340341"n [[&341]andareliquarywithapieceoftheCrossandrelicsofPeterandPaulpresentedby Pius"n t VIItoEmperor FranzIinc1823 [Baueretal.,pp.345346]."n 'nThereisacrossreliquaryin  St.Materne, ,,Walcourt,Namur,Belgium[Gauthier,pp.146"n &148]."n ('nQQThereisarelicoftheTrueCrossattheAnglicanShrineatWalsingham,Norfolk"n W   [Clough]."n 'nUUApieceoftheTrueCrosswasgiventoKingHaroldbythePope.Haroldplaceditat"n [[WalthamAbbey,London.ItisbelievedthatapiecefromthiswasgiventoSt.Margaretof"n ]WWScotland.[Dean.]However,a12CaccountofWalthamAbbeysaysthatHaroldgavemany"n ==relicstotheAbbey,withoutspecifyingapieceoftheCross.`,*O xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'n RelicsoftheHolyRoodwereat --WiblingenAbbey,BadenWrttemberg,Germany,"n G 5 kmSof Ulm[ MGGGermany  ,p.286]."n 'n&&TherewasapieceoftheCrossatthe MinsterofWimborne Minster,Dorset[Treves,"n p. 116]."n 'n--AportionoftheTrueCrosswasintheCross &&Neyt,broughttoSt.George'sChapel,"n \HHWindsorCastle,Berkshire,fromWalesin1283byEdwardI[Hill,p.57]."n "n 2 'n,nCROWNOFTHORNS"n "n m'nBB[Florence]says105churchesclaimpartsoftheCrownofThorns."n 'n[EverymanIstanbul BB,pp.148149]saystherelicsoftheTrueCrossandtheCrownof"n mThornswereintheTreasuryof Haghia 33Sophia(nowtheMuseumDirector'sOffice)builtby"n d]]Justinian,andwerelootedin1204.[Timbs,p.6]saystherewasa'new'CrownofThornsat"n < Constantinople,c1230."n 'nUUInthe11C(or12C)therewasaCrownofThornsandotherrelicsatSt.Denis,Seine"n %%St-Denis.c1124,themonksforgeda 99'Descriptio'assertingthatCharlemagnehadledanarmed"n ..crusadeandbroughtbacktherelics.[Norman Cohn;ThePursuitoftheMillennium  ;(1957);"n !LLrevised,MercuryBooks,London,1962,p.390.][Gauthier,p.56]saysthe 'Descriptio'refers"n VVtotheCrownofThornsandanail,whichwerebroughttoAachen,NordrheinWestfalen,"n ;;Germany,andthentakentoSt.DenisbyCharlestheBald.  [Okey,p.56]givesadifferent"n $$storycfSt.DenisinSaintslist."n m'nXXTheTreasuryofNotre-Dame,Paris,containsapieceoftheCross,part(orall?)ofthe"n __CrownofThornsandanailfromthecross.[Hachette-Paris,p.34.Cf.underSeymourinTrue"n NCrossabove.][ MGG-Paris AA,p.57]saysitisTHECrownofThorns.Ithadbeenpledgedby"n EmperorBaldwin MMIIofConstantinoplewiththeVenetiansandhewasunabletoredeemit.St.`,*P ` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n XxZZLouisredeemeditin1239[onesourceerroneouslyhas1293]andbroughtittoNotre-Dame,"n x]]thentothechapelofSt.Nicholasinthepalace,whichwasreplacedbytheSainte-Chapelle,"n [aaspecificallybuilttohousetherelics.[Timbs,p.6andHutton,p.120]sayBaldwinsolditto"n BBLouis.AleafletfromtheSainteChapellesaysthebuildingcost40,000andthatLouisIX"n 2++(St.Louis)boughttherelicsfromEmperor 33BaudoinIIforthe(atthetime)outrageoussumof"n <<135,000.[Hare(2),p. 277]saystheCrowncamefromJean de Brienne,(Baldwin's"n X]]predecessorasEmperorofConstantinople),andthataduplicateisinVicenza.Aboutayear"n ``later,abitoftheTrueCross,thebladeoftheLanceandtheSpongewereaddedtotheCrown."n `RR[Hare(2),p. 277]saysitwasagreatportionoftheCrossandcamefromEmperor  Baudouin"n +  (Baldwin)."n 'n [Cronin,p.45]and [EB AA]datetheSainte-Chapelleto1245-1248.Gauthier[p.160]says"n \\12391248,thoughp.162onlyindicatesthatworkwasinprogressin1244,butaddsthatit"n __wasconsecratedin1248.[Hare(2),p.277]saysitwasbuiltin12421247andconsecratedon"n ZZ25Apr1248.TheSainteChapelleleafletsaysitwasbuiltin12421248anddedicatedon"n 26 Apr1248. MGGFrance AA,p.178datesitto1246andsaysitcontainstherelicsofthe"n [[Passion.ItalsosaysLouisputtheCrownandotherrelicsinNotreDamein1245,pending"n YYcompletionoftheSainteChapelle,whichtookarecordtimeof33months[pp.191-192]."n # 99Okey,pp.7172&86saysittookthreeyearstobuild."n 'nWWTherelicsandtheirshrine[pictureinGauthier,p.164]cost2~timesasmuchasthe"n ``Sainte-Chapelle.In1360?,fourEnglishbaronscametoParistosignthePeaceofParis.They ,*Qmxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xLLwereshowntherelicsandeachwasgivenaspinefromtheCrownofThorns. [Okey,p.125.]"n +[[Theshrinewasmelteddownin1793duringtheRevolutionbutsomeoftherelicsweresaved"n ??andarenowinthetreasuryofNotre-DameandtheBibliothque Nationale.TheCrown,a"n PPNailandapieceoftheTrueCrossareexhibitedonGoodFridayatNotreDame."n [ MGG-Paris ,pp. 55,57&60.] 88[Cronin,p.44]saysrelicsoftheCrossandCrownwere"n Rplacedintheballoverthe ;;flcheofNotreDame.Thelastwindowontherightofthe Sainte"n  --ChapelleshowsLouisreceivingtherelicsat 33Sens,Yonne,andotherepisodesinthetranslation"n ~ oftherelics [Cronin,p.46]."n 'n""ManyrelicsofChristwereinthe 00BucoleonChapelofthePalaceinConstantinople"n ']]beforetheSackof1204.TheseincludedpiecesoftheCrownofThorns.[Gauthier,pp.58&"n  160.]But[EverymanIstanbul 99,pp.148149]saystherelicsoftheTrueCrossandthe"n '((CrownofThornswereintheTreasuryof Haghia **Sophia(nowtheMuseumDirector'sOffice)"n ,,builtbyJustinian,andwerelootedin1204."n F'n VV[Okey(2),pp.9091]saystheCrownwasallocatedtotheLatinEasternEmperorafter"n ]]theSackofConstantinoplein1204.TheEmperorpledgeditandtheLanceofSt.Longinusto `,*Ru0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 3x88theVenetiansanditwassenttoVenicein1238.Louis ''IXredeemeditanditwenttoParisin"n  1238or1239."n "n x'nRRLegendarily,theCrownofThornswasmadefromthehawthorntreewhichhasledto"n __variouslegendsaboutthehawthorn.InsouthernEurope,itwasconsideredtobringgoodluck,"n YYashavingtouchedthebloodofChrist,thoughthegoodluckaspectsofthehawthornwere"n [[believedbytheearlyRomansbeforeChrist.InnorthernEurope,theplantthathadcaused"n ]]paintoChristwasconsideredunluckyanditwasbadlucktobringitintothehouse.[John"n y Dunn& ColinMartin;John Dunn'sAnswersPlease %%;(BBC,1994);revisedandexpanded,"n 1 Penguin,1995,p.129.]"n "n 'n,n++MiscellaneousSites,inAlphabeticalOrder."n 'n((ThereisathornintheBasilicaofSan 22Francesco,Assisi,Umbria,presentedbySt.Louis"n  [Gauthier,pp.109110]."n 6'n;;TherewasathornatBologna,EmiliaRomagna[Kent,p.79]."n G'nTTThereisaReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselveTreasury,Quercy,nowin"n @@thechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n 'n55AspinefromtheCrownofThornsisinthechurchof Chalandry,France(notonmy"n map)[ GiantBION **].Itwasbroughtbyacrusaderin1185[BION21  ,p.62]."n 'nMMAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesaspine"n k [Gauthier,pp. 9698]."n 'nQQInthe14C,theKingandDauphinofFrancepresentedtwothornstoCharlesIVof"n ##Bohemia.Heprobablykeptthemin 99KarltejnCastle,20kmSWofPrague,whichhehadbuilt"n eepartlytohousehiscollectionofrelics.ThereisamuraldepictingthisgiftintheChapelofSt."n ;MaryintheCastle.[ BlueGuide  ,p.212.]"n 'nOORoom45oftheBritishMuseum,London,hasaHolyThornreliquarymadeforthe Duc`,*S xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x de //BerriinParis,c1400.Thereisathorninit."n 'n==TherewasathorninWestminsterAbbey,London[Kent,p.74]."n 'nThereisathornin StPieterenPauluskerk, Mol,Antwerpen,Belgium"n [MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg  ,p.212]."n 'nIn1473,Carlo  Fortebracciobroughtathornto ((Montone,Toscana,whereitisprocessed"n DDtwiceayear,oneEasterMondayandtheSundayafter15Aug[Sergio Conti;  Ospitalite"n   Cortesia nei  Territori  dell'Alto Tevere 33;nopublisherorplacegiven,2001,p.26;local"n  guidebook]."n 'nSSThereisareliquarycrownoftheHolyThornintheDiocesanMuseum,Namur,Namur,"n 2[[Belgium,possiblymadeforthecoronationofHenryofFlanders.Thisissomewhatconfused"n 'MMbythefactthatHenrysenttwopiecesoftheCrownofThornstohisbrother PhiliptheNoble,"n . Marquisof 00Namur,in1205&1207.[Gauthier,pp.136137.]"n 'nThereisathornat Neudorf,Czechoslovakia[BION13 ].(Therearetwovillagesof"n   Neudorf,now Nov Ves,inCzechoslovakia.)"n 'n>>[Foligno,p.198]describesthefollowingintheCappelladel TesorointheBasilicaofSt."n  44Anthony,Padua,Veneto:thetongueandchinofSt. &&Anthony;apieceoftheTrueCross;"n 0\\somethornsfromtheCrownofThorns;astonefromGethsemane;therelicsoftheApostles"n ""(nofurtherspecificationgiven!)."n c'nVVTheLouvre,Paris,hasareliquarycontainingtwothornswhichSt.Louishadgivento"n ,,theDominicansatLige[Gauthier,p.138]."n 'nPP[Florence]saysthereisasmallpartofathornmountedinaringattheHotel  deClunyin"n Paris."n 'n++AthornfromtheCrownofThornswasinS. Maria ''dellaSpina,Pisa,Toscana.Itisnow,*TM8xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 7xinthe Chiesa degli Spedali  deSanta Chiara,inPisa.  [Marcello  Jacorossi;Pisa (EnglishEd.);"n  --Bonechi,Firenze,nd[c1970],pp.146-147.] 22[Ross&Erichsen,pp.250&253]describeitasa"n MMsmallpieceofoftheCrown,preservedinalittleurn.Itwasbroughtbya Pisanmerchant,who"n YYleftitwithhisfamilywhenhewentonavoyage.Heneverreturnedandadescendent,a"n {  ##Longhi,presentedittothechurch."n 'nThereisathornat  PortRoyaldesChamps,Yvelines [Mackay,p.697]."n ^'nPPCharlesIVofBohemiaandHolyRomanEmperorfrom1348,amassedacollectionof"n .bbrelicsatPrague,including"partofthewhipusedinthePassion,twothorns...,afewdropsof"n SRRmilkfromtheVirginMaryandoneofMaryMagdalene'sbreasts"[Humphreys,p.92].0,*UP xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 1x'n,,AHolyThorniskeptatthechurchofS.S. --TrinitinSanFrancesco,apparentlypartof"n Z ""Preggio,Umbria,about12kmSWof  Umbertide [!!UmbertideLandscapeHistory"n O33MonumentsArtItinerariesTouristInformation ;  Comunedi Umbertide,2000,p.12.]"n 'n00TheTreasuryoftheBishopsofRheims(=Reims, ""Marne)hasa11Creliquaryofthe"n (  HolyThorn[ MGG-France  ,p.216]."n 'nTTTherewasafragmentoftheCrownofThorns,whichbuddedyearlyonGoodFriday,in"n Rhodes [Durrell(quoting Torr),p.112]."n 'nSSAspinefromtheCrownwasgiventotheCathedralofSpoleto,Umbria,byFrederick II"n [Gauthier,p. 100]."n 'nVVApartoftheCrownwasincludedintherelicsofSt.DenisandhiscompanionsatSt."n MMDenis,SeineStDenis,andwasexposedin1053cfSt.DenisinSaintslist [Okey,p.56]."n 'nIITherearetwopiecesofaThornintheAbbeyofSt.Maurice,St.Maurice  d'Agaune,"n   Valais(or OOSt.MauriceenValais),Switzerland,presentedbySt.Louisin1262[Gauthier,"n ] pp. 108&110]."n ~'nThereisaThornin $$St.Sernin,Toulouse,HautGaronne[ MGG-Dordogne+  ,p. 175]."n 'nLLThereisaThornfromtheCrownofThornsinSantaCorona,Vicenza,Veneto[BG-NI ,"n ))p.260].ItwaspresentedbySt.Louis[MGGItaly(1995)  ,p.253; Buckley&Robinson,"n \\p. 308].[Hare(2),p. 277]saystheDominicanmonasteryinVicenzahasaduplicateofthe"n %Crownthatisinthe Sainte Chapelle,Paris."n 'n TheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasa 22Tempiettoreliquarycontaining:dropsofChrist's"n 7__blood;apieceoflinensoakedwiththeblood;hairsfromhisbeardandrelicsoftheCrownof"n 88Thorns,thelance,thecolumn,thescourgeandthereed [Baueretal.,pp.242243].0P,*V  xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nUUTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithaThornandrelicsofSS.Fabianand"n  Sebastian TT[Baueretal.,pp.243244].ThereisanostensorywithapieceoftheCrossanda"n Thorn 44[Baueretal.,p.246]andareliquarywithathorn [Baueretal.,pp.278279]."n 'nKKIntheSchatzkammer,Vienna,isareliquarywithaThornandrelicsofSS. Andrew,"n  Eustace,Georgeand Stephan [Baueretal.,pp.305306]."n 'n))SeealsounderTrueCrossatS.Crocein ++Gerusalemme,atEton,inParisandatBari."n "n C'n,nLANCEOFST.LONGINUS"n "n w'nVVPilgrimagestotheHolyLandbeganinthemid6C.EarlyreportsstatethattheLance"n ;;wasplacedinareliquaryintheBasilicaofConstantine. [Baueretal.,p.158.]"n 'nVVTheLanceofSt.LonginusisinSt.Peter's,Rome,Lazio,Italy.Itwaspresentedto"n  Innocent VIIIby Bajazet II.[BG-Rome 77,p.261&265.][Florence]concursthatitisinSt."n \ccPeter's,butsaysthatitisjusttheshaftandthattheheadwasinParisandwaslostduringthe"n   Revolution."n 'nTTDuringtheFirstCrusade,inJune1098,theCrusaderswerebesiegedaftercapturing"n aAntioch.Peter MMBarthelemy(orBartholomew),apriest(orpeasant),hadvisionsinwhichSt."n  [[AndrewrevealedwheretheHolyLancewasburiedinSt.Peter,Antioch.TheLancewasduly"n s]]discoveredanditspresenceledtoamajorvictoryfortheCrusaderson28June,attendedby"n e``visionsofSt.Georgeandothers.Peterwaslaterchallengedtoprovethetruthofhisvisions"n PPthroughordealbyfire.Hewassobadlyburnedthathediedafewdayslater.  [Mackay,"n ZZpp. 393-401.][Runciman-1,pp.241-248,253-254,273-274]givesafullerstoryandnotes"n \^^thattherewasalreadyaLanceatConstantinople![Runciman-2,p.20,note2]indicatesthatP ,*Wmxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xFFtheLancewaswithRaymondofToulouseatConstantinoplein1100-1101."n 'n""ManyrelicsofChristwereinthe 00BucoleonChapelofthePalaceinConstantinople"n NNbeforetheSackof1204.TheseincludedtheLance.[Gauthier,pp.58&160.]"n K'nMMTheLanceandtheCrownofThornswerepledgedtotheVenetiansbytheLatin"n b[[Emperorandhewasunabletoredeemthemin1237,butitisnotclearwhathappenedtothe"n ~((LanceseeunderCrownofThornsabove [Okey(2),pp.9091]. [Okey,p.72]saysitwas"n [[obtainedbySt.Louisinc1239andtranslatedtoParisandeventuallyplacedintheSainte"n N<>assembledinthe8C.ApparentlyfragmentsofTrueNailswere imbeddedascrossesinthe"n ^^edgesofthelanceandpossiblythenailandtheirsanctitywasextendedtoclaimingthenail"n |\\wasoneoftheTrueNailsandthelancewasthatofSt.Longinus(thoughthereallancewas"n ]]knowntobeinConstantinople,whereithadaparticleoftheCrossattached)orthatofSt."n 11Maurice,patronsaintoftheHolyRomanEmpire. [Baueretal.,pp.160164.]"n F'nTTTheViennalancewasknownastheSpearofDestinyandlegendassertedthattheman"n ^^whocontrolledtheSpearcouldcontroltheworld.Consequently,aftertheAnschlussin1938,"n ``HitlerwentandspentseveralhoursalonewiththeSpearandthenhaditsecretlyremovedtoto"n 8..avaultunderneathNuremberg.[DavidFisher;TheWarMagician ; CowardMcCann,1983"n  & Berkley,NY,1983,p.57.]"n 'n TheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasa 22Tempiettoreliquarycontaining:dropsofChrist's"n M__blood;apieceoflinensoakedwiththeblood;hairsfromhisbeardandrelicsofthecrownof"n 88thorns,thelance,thecolumn,thescourgeandthereed [Baueretal.,pp.242243]."n 'nTTAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesapieceofthe"n lance[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n r'nAAPartofthelancewasatWestminsterAbbey,London[Kent,p.74]."n 'nPPThepointofthespearwasinthemainLutheranchurchofNuremberg(Nrnberg),"n Bayern,in1716 [Montagu,p.9]."n "n 'n,nTEETH"n "n {'n##TherewasaToothofChristatSt. Medard de  Soissons, Aisne [D'Israeli,p.90]."n 'n::[Florence]saysatoothispreservedinaEuropeanchurch."n 'nXX[Hutton,p.117]lists,amongotherrelicsstolenattheSackofConstantinople,oneof"n Christ'steeth. p,*Y @ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n 'n,nBLOOD&SPONGE"n "n 'nXXThebloodofChristwasbelievedtobetheultimatesymbolofhisPassionandtheother"n \\symbolsacquiredtheirvirtuethroughtheirassociationwiththeblood.E.g.theCrosswas"n [[veneratedbecauseitwassoakedwiththeBlood,especiallythepartsoftheCrossnearthe"n Nails. ZZ[Baueretal.,p.164.]However,thedoctrineoftheResurrectionmaintainedthatbodies"n j``hadtobereintegratedandsinceChristhadalreadybeenresurrected,thisimpliedthatallhis"n `bloodmusthavebeen --regatheredandtakenupintoheaven![Robert Bartlett;Thepowerand"n  thegory;TLS //(9Aug2002)23(Reviewof:NicholasVincent;TheHolyBloodKingHenry"n ""IIandtheWestminsterbloodrelic ;CUP,2002).]"n u'nUUItwasbelievedthatdropsoftheHolyBloodhadbeencollectedduringhisagonyand"n [[thattheyhadpermeatedhisloinclothandfilledtheHolyGrail!Vincent(op.cit.above)"n [[reportsseveralcalculationsofthenumberofdropsofbloodshedinthePassionnumbers"n [[varyfrom28,000to547,000.SomedropsweremiraculouslyexudedbythepieceoftheTrue"n R[[CrossinConstantinoplein320whenitwasdesecratedwithaknifebysomeJews.Dropsof"n =thiswerepreservedatSan ((Marco,Venice.[Gauthier,pp.115117.]"n 'n Ron NNWyatt,fromTennessee,claimsthatdropletsofChrist'sbloodhavebeenfound"n _ [Richard %%Colby;TheArkgetsintodeepwater; TheGuardian Online (12Dec1996)7]."n "n }'n33TherewasasampleofHolyBloodatamonasteryin !!Ashridge,Hertfordshire.Atthe"n LLDissolution,itwasreportedtobeclarifiedhoneycolouredwithsaffron.[ Victoria"n q Glendinning'sHertfordshire ;Weidenfeld&  Nicolson,London,1989,p.119.]"n 'n++TherewererelicsoftheBloodatBoulogne --(surMer),PasdeCalais[Gauthier,p.115].p,*ZMxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 4x'nVVAvialofHolyBloodisintheBasilicanChurchoftheHolyBloodinBrugge(Bruges),"n GGWestVlaanderen,Belgium.ItisprocessedonAscensionDayat15:00. [Sjoby;ABelgian"n >IIcountandhisfamilychurch;op.cit.underTrueCross.]Therelicisa wodgeofwoolsoaked"n ]]inblood,inarockcrystaltubeheldbygoldcrownsheldbygoldangels.Itisinanupper"n <]]p. 240].[Bailey,p.47]saysafloweringsprigfromtheplantatSt.John'sissenttothe"n ##Monarchandthiscustomstartedin 88Stuarttimes.Healsosaystheplantisasportofthe"n ;44commonthornwhichhasbeenperpetuatedbygrafting."n 'nXX[Vince,pp.2930]saysthestaffwascutfromthethornbushusedtomaketheCrownof"n Thorns."n 'nZZActually,thereareseveralHolyThornsatGlastonbury,allderivedfromJoseph'sstaff."n ^^TheonebehindSt.Patrick'sChapelisthebestknown.Horticulturalopinionisthatitisa"n VVcommonBritishhawthorn.ItissupposedtobloomonChristmasDay,morepreciselyat"n YYmidnightofChristmasEve.TheoriginalwasdestroyedbythePuritansbutwasreplanted"n from 33cuttingsmadefromtreeswhichhadbeengrownfrom cuttingsoftheoriginal."n $ [Alexander Frater;HolyGrailCountry; TheObserver ''(16Oct1988)44.]When11dayswere"n __droppedfromthecalendarin1752,therewereclaimsthattheThorndidnotbloomuntil5Jan,"n h\\butsomeonethenwrotetothevicarofGlastonbury,whorepliedthattheThornreachedfull"n 33bloomatthenewChristmasDay,orslightlybefore!"n N'nTherearethornbushesat  Orcopand 11Kingsthorne,Herefordshire,saidtobedescended@,*fmxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n oxYYfromtheThornbroughttoGlastonburybyJosephofArimathea.Theyaresaidtobloomon"n 4TwelfthNight.[ NNTimpson(2),p.81]saysthereareseveralHerefordshirevillagesclaimingto"n ??haveathorngrownfromacuttingoftheHolyThorn,andcites Colwallinparticular."n 'nRRAppletonThorn,Cheshire,isnamedforacuttingoftheGlastonburyThornbrought"n XXbackfromtheCrusadesbyAdamdeDuttoninthe12C.Atvarioustimes,thelocalshave"n ^^decoratedit.Thecurrenttreewasplantedin1967butclaimstobeadirectdescendent.It"n GGstandsinarailedenclosurebyAppletonThornchurch.[DavidPacker;Cheshire ;Shire"n U__CountyGuide17;Shire,1988,p.46.][Hole,p.26]saysitisanoffshootoftheGlastonbury"n \\thornplantedbyAdamdeDuttonin1125.Shealsosaystheprevioustreewasblowndownin"n \\1965andthepresentonewasplantedon25Oct1967.Shedescribesthedecoratingceremony"n of __'bawmingthethorn'insomedetail,butithadmoreorlessdiedout,despiterevivalsin1906"n N  and1930."n 'nSSThereisaGlastonburyCup,madefromthewoodofthethorntree,atWardour,near"n  [[Ansty,Wiltshire.Thesourceisunclear,butitmaybeinthechapeloftheschoolinNew"n WardourCastle. [Pepin,p.62.] ,*gu xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n =x'nHowever,[C.A. RaleghRadford;GlastonburyAbbey "";Pitkin,1973,pp.34]saysthe"n WWbasicsourceforthehistoryoftheAbbeyisaworkofWilliamofMalmesburyinc1120,"n \\compiledattheinvitationofthemonks.Thoughlost,muchofthematerialoccursinother"n \\writings,bothbyWilliamandbyothers.Herecordsalegend,alsogivenbyBede,thatthe"n QQfirstchurchatGlastonburywasestablishedbymissionariesbroughtbackbyKing Lucius"n ZZwhenhemadeatriptoRomeinthe2C.Williamalsorecordsalegendthatthechurchwas"n \\foundedbysomeofChrist'sdisciples,butheclearlydismissestheselegendsandfindsthe"n |WWearliestreasonablyhistoricrecordsdatefromthe5Cmostoftheearlyrecordswere"n ,\\destroyedinafirein1184.WilliammakesnomentionofJosephofArimathea,showingthat"n bbthelegendisamedievalcreation.Radford[p.24]statesthatthethornbloomstwiceayear,at"n m Christmasandinthespring!"n "n 'n,nVERONICA'SVEIL"n "n B'nWWThisissometimesconfusedwiththeShroudseebelow.SeealsoVeronicainthelist"n _  ofSaints."n "n 9'nYYTheepisodeofVeronica'sveilisnotintheBibleandisnotmentioneduntilc1000,but"n ]]hasbeenincorporatedasthe6thStationoftheCrossinCatholicmythology.Hernameseems"n tobeaconflationof vera andikon 88,meaning'trueimage'andthestoryseemstohavebeen"n __inventedtojustifythemedievalchangeoftheimageofChristfrombeardless,blondandcurly"n **hairedtobearded,darkandlonghaired.  [Wlademar **Januszczak;LiftingtheveilonVeronica;"n eTheSundayTimes $$(12Apr1998)section10,pp.67.]"n "n 'n77Veronica'sVeilisinSt.Peter's,Rome,Lazio,Italy[BG-Rome  ,p.261]. [Becker,p.31] ,*h ` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ?x33saysithasbeentheresince707.Thismaybethe --'mandilion'ofkerchiefbearingthelikeness"n DVVofChrist'sfacewhichisinthePope'sstudy[PeterWatson;Newmysteryshroudsholy"n handkerchief; TheObserver ##(16Oct1988)].SeeunderShroud."n 'n))Watson[loc.cit.]saysthereisanother mandilioninS.  Bartolommeo degli  Armeniin"n Genoa XX(Genova),Liguria,whichisdisplayedonceayear.Itisclaimedtodatefrom544when"n  itwasin Edessa(modern 11Urfa,Turkey).TraditionsaysChristsentitto Abgarus,Princeof"n B 11Edessa,whowashealedatthesightofit.[Van --Biema]saysitwasatConstantinoplefor350"n ]]yearsanda13Cdescriptionreferstoitasashroud.Itdisappearedin1204attheSackof"n TEEConstantinople.Threekerchiefsnowclaimtobeit.Onewasatthe Sainte Chappelle,Paris,"n 9**andwasdestroyedin1789.OnewasatS.  Silvestroin %%Capite,Rome,fromwhenceitwentto"n GGtheVaticanin1870.ThethirdistheoneinGenoa.CfShroud,below."n 'n MarcoPolo[BookI,Chap. 99XXXIX],describingasbestos,says:"Itissaidthatthey"n WMMpreserveatRomeanapkinwovenfromthismaterial,inwhichwaswrappedthe  sudariumof"n RKKourLord,sentasagiftfromonetheTartarprincestotheRomanPontiff.""n g'n TheSanto IIRostro,oneofVeronica'sveils,isbehindthealtarintheCathedralof Jan,"n Andalusia,Spain[ MGG-Spain  ,p.130]."n 'nYYTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasaversion,claimedtobeoneofthethreeauthenticones."n ##TraditionsaysVeronicagaveitto  Valusian 00Savelli,anofficialatthecourtofTiberias. Savelli"n 499broughtitfromPalestinetoRomeanditremainedinthe ''Savellifamilyuntilthelinediedout"n $$intheearly18C,whenthewidowof Giulio Savelli,thePrincess  Catarina  Giustiniana  Savelli,,*imxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x''presentedittotheHolyRomanEmperor 00KarlVin1720.However,therealreadyexisted"n [``severalversions,soitwasdecidedthatVeronicahadfoldedherclothintothreepartsandall"n ^^threehadbeenaffectedbytheblood(Ithoughtitwasjustsweat??),givingthreeauthentic"n versions.Unfortunately 00Baueretal.doesn'tsaywheretheothersare. aueretal.,p.295.]A"n J==ShortGuidetotheCollectionssaystherearefourauthentic sudaria."n 'n..MedievallegendsaidVeronicaandherhusband &&ZaccheusfledtoFrance,wherehewas"n !identifiedwithSt.  Amadoror >>Amadour,qv.However,hertombisinSt.Veronica,Jerusalem"n   [Jahshan& Jahshan,p.30]."n "n ('nXXThereisabloodstainednapkin,whichhadcoveredtheheadofChrist,attheCathedral"n of YYOviedo,Asturias,Spain.ItwastakenfromJerusalematthetimeofthePersianattack,"n 5c614,andreached 22Oviedoin614.Itdoesnotbearanyimage.[Van Biema.]Cfunder"n Shroud."n "n 'n,n++SHROUD(ofTurin,withOtherShroudslater)"n  ,*jP xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nSeealsoVeronica'sVeilabove."n "n 'nUUTheGospelsrefertoChrist'sburialshroud.Legendsaystheshroudwasobtainedby"n $$Nicodemus,whogaveittohisuncle Gamaliel[Florence]."n 'nCecil Adams[MoreoftheStraightDope ++;Ballantine,NY,1988,p.277]saysthere"n ^^havebeenabout40"authentic"shrouds.Hegivesagoodsurvey[pp.275-281]ofthestateof"n \((beliefandknowledgein1988.[Stein& 33MacNee,pp.38saythereare'someforty'examples."n R'n [Stein& KKMacNee,pp.3940]saytheShroudisfirstmentionedc570byapilgrimwho"n oKKsawitinamonasteryneartheRiverJordan.Inthe7C,theFrenchBishop Arculphreported"n __seeingitinamonasteryontheScottishislandofIona.Thereareoccasionalreferencestoa"n shroudoverthenextcenturies."n "n .'n;;ThepurportedShroudatTurinisintheCathedralofTurin (Torino),Piemonte,andhas"n QQbeensince1578.Itmeasures4.4x1.2m.Itwasfirstreportedabout1357at LireyinFrance"n (couldthisbe EELirinMaineetLoire??),whereitwasbeingdisplayedbyGeoffrey de Charny"n foranadmissioncharge.De 11Charnywouldnotsaywhereitcamefrom.Bishop Henri de"n mVVPoitierssuppresseditasahoax.Agenerationlater,itwasputondisplayagainat  Lireyand"n Pierre d'Arcis,Bishopof 11Troyes,condemneditinalettertoPopeClement VIIin1389,which"n k]]reportedthat"theimageiscunninglypainted...aworkofhumanskillandnotmiraculously"n VVwroughtorbestowed"andwasbeingused"toattractthemultitudesothatmoneymight"n D[[cunninglybewrungfromthem....pretendedmiracleswereworked,certainmenbeinghired"n ZZtorepresentthemselvesashealedatthemomentoftheexhibitionoftheShroud"andthat p,*k ` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n txBishop SSHenrihad"discoveredthefraudandhowthesaidclothhadbeencunninglypainted,"n :EEthetruthbeingattestedbytheartistwhohadpaintedit."[Magnus Pyke;RedRagtoaBull ;"n ZZWillowBooks(Collins),London,1983,pp.120-122.KennethF.Weaver;Themysteryofthe"n TShroud; Nat.Geog. 11157:6(Jun1980)730756,esp.p. 734.Stein& MacNee,pp.3940.]In"n  1453,oneof de Charny'sgranddaughters,  Margherita de $$Charny,touredwiththerelic.She"n soldittoDuke NNLudovicothesecondofSavoy.TheChurchclaimsshegaveittotheDuke,but"n wZZshereceivedacastleandanestateinexchangeandtheChurchofthetimeexcommunicated"n ffherforherdealingswiththerelic.ItthenbelongedtotheSavoys,laterthekingsofItaly,until"n ::1983whenex-KingUmbertoleftittotheChurch.Amadeus VIIIofSavoybuiltaSainte"n $$ChapelletohousetheShroudinhis  Chteauof  Chambry, Savoie,France.In1532,the"n YYChapelburntdown,buttheShroudwasrescued.Bitsofmoltensilverfromitsreliquary"n 6BBburnedtheholeswhichcanstillbeseen.TheShroudwaskeptat Chambryuntil1860when"n >>SavoybecamepartofFranceandtherelicwasmovedtoTurin[ MGG-France  ,p.101]."n [[AnotherreportclaimsithasbeeninTurinsince1578.Otherreportssayitpassedtothe"n IISavoysin1578(or1453)andthatithasbeeninTurinsince1694.John Calvinremarked"n ZZaboutthe1532fire:"Whenoneshroudburnstheyfindanotherone.Theysayitwassaved"n ddfromtheflames,butthepaintisstillfresh."Amodernjournalisthasattributedthepaintingto"n  Leonardo  daVinci!"n 'nVVWhentheShroudwasfirstphotographedin1898,negativeversionsofitweremadeand"n *__thoughttoresembleanegativepictureofChristhoweverthehairandbeardarepositive!Ap,*lpxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xbbnumberoffeaturesoftheimagearedistortedbeyondnaturalranges,butintheartisticstyleof"n 7ccthe14C.Itwasalsonotedthatthe'blood'stainswerestillred,whilerealbloodstainsdarken"n ][[withtime.In19691976,acommitteeexaminedtheShroud,buttheChurchinitiallydenied"n ^^itsexistenceandsuppresseditsreportwhichhadheavilydoubteditsauthenticity.Forensic"n bbbloodspecialistsanalysedthe'blood'anditfailedallknowntestsforbloodandbehavedlikea"n ;//redpaint.AShroudofTurinResearchProject --(STURP)wasstartedin1978,butmanyofits"n [[membershadalreadypronouncedtheauthenticityoftheShroudbeforetheprojectstarted!"n ::Onlyoneimpartialscientistwasonthecommittee,Walter McCrone,arenowned"n N]]microanalyst.Hisstudiesrevealedtheimagewaspaintedwithredochreandvermillion,but"n  [[STURPrefusedtoaccepthisreportandenforceditssecrecytermsonit.Whenthesecrecy"n <periodexpired, 77McCronepublishedhisresults,despitedeaththreats. STURPreplaced"n _ \\McCronewithtwo'experts'whohadnoexpertiseinanalysingeitherbloodorpaint,norany"n oUUexperiencewithforgery.Theyreportedfindingblood,butalaterreviewbyJohnF. Fischer"n KEEshowedthatnoneoftheirtestscoulddistinguishbloodfrompaint."n 1'n TT(McCrone(1916?2002)wasgenuinelydistinguishedinhisfield,havingdemonstrated"n ^^theinnocenceofamanaccusedofmurderandauthenticatingpaintings,includingadaVinci."n Hedemonstratedthatthe @@VinlandMapwasa20Cforgeryonmedievalparchment.Heshowed"n aathelevelsofarsenicinNapoleon'shairweretoolowforthetheorythathehadbeenpoisoned.p,*mu xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x]]Ontheotherhand,Beethoven'shairshowedhewassufferingfromleadpoisoning.[Obituary]"n Walter McCrone,scientist;TheGuardian:TheEditor (3Aug2002)11.])"n 'nUUIn1988,threeindependentcarbondatingtests(atOxford,ZrichandTucson)ofthe"n 1``fabricdateditto12601390,nicelybracketingthedateofitsearliestknownappearance.But"n ZZin1998and2000,itwasdisplayedtothepublic.[RichardOwen;Miracleorjustafalse"n v impression?; TheTimes CC(11Apr1998),Weekendsection,pp. 1-2.Numerousotherarticles"n 6fromApr1998.Stein& EEMacNee,pp. 38-43.]Believersfeelthecarbon14testswerefaulty,"n \\buthavegenerallygivenreasonswhichthetesterssaydidnotoccurorareunlikely.[Van"n  YYBiema.]LikeVeronica'sVeil,theShroudseemstohaveoccurredtosupportthemedieval"n ZZchangeintheimageofChristfrombeardless,blondandcurlyhairedtobearded,darkand"n  longhaired."n 'nEEIn1996,therewasareportthattwoscientistsatTurinUniversity,  Pierluigi  Bolloneand"n  Nello QQBalossino,haddetectedtheimprintofacoinfromthe16thyearofthereignof  Tiberius,"n KKi.e.+29,ontheShroudatTurin[JohnGlover;TurinShroudoldasChrist; TheGuardian (8Jul"n 1996)]."n h'n++On11/12Apr1997,therewasafireinthe ++GuariniChapel,wheretheShroudiskept."n Fireman Mario ))Trematoresmashedthroughfourlayersof ""bulletproofglassandcarriedthe"n |^^silvercasketholdingtheShroudtosafetyaspartsoftheChapelcollapsed.TheCardinalof"n XXTurincalleditamiracle,butiftheShroudwassomiraculous,whywasthereafire?? [Andrew"n  00Hurst;'Miracle'asfiremansavesTurinShroud;IndependentonSunday (13Apr1997)14.]"n 'nXXIn1998,theideaofcloningChristfromthebloodstainsontheshroudwasadvancedasp`,*n- P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xthethemeforamovielike JurassicPark [Ruth --Gledhill;ChristinremakeofJurassicPark;The"n Times (10Apr1998)10]."n 'n  Pierluigi Baima KKBollone,aTurinprofessorofforensicmedicine,claimedthathistestsof"n VVtheShroudshowedthatChrist'sbloodgroupwasAB[RichardOwen;JesushadABblood,"n saysshroudexpert; TheTimes (11Apr1998)14]."n 'n>>ArecenttheoryisthattheshroudbearstheimageofJacques de Molay,GrandMasterof"n OOtheTemplars,whowascrucifiedinthemassacreoftheTemplarson13Oct1307."n t'nA1999reportassertsthat Avinoam 22Daninhasidentifiedpollenandplantimprintson"n Z theShroudasbeingfromplants  (Gundelia tournefortii,  Zygothyllum dumosum(beancaper)"n <and Cistus NNcreticus(rockrose))thatareindigenoustoasmallregionoftheHolyLand,"n WbetweenJerusalemand EEHebron,duringMarchandApril.Itwasalsoclaimedthatthepollen"n G%%andbloodstainsmatchedthoseonthe  Sudariumof **Oviedo,believedtohavecoveredChrist's"n nCCface.CfunderVeronica'sVeil.[HolyLandlinktoTurinShroud;Metro (16Jun1999)14."n Julian 00Borger;ScientistsaysTurinShroudisgenuine;Guardian (4Aug1999)12.]"n "n 'n,n OTHERSHROUDS"n 'n44TheHolyShroudwasinthetreasureoftheAbbeyof St.-Corneilleat  Compiegne, Oise,"n \[[since1079.TheAbbeywaslargelydestroyedintheRevolutionandtheRestorationandthe"n o==sourcedoesn'tindicatewhathappenedtotherelic.[J.-Cl. Malsy;  Compiegne  ;Artet"n = **Tourisme,Paris,nd[1980s?],pp.3&11.]"n 'n 22Cadouin,Dordogne,acquiredin1117alinencloth ornamentedwithanembroidered"n XXband,broughtfromAntiochandthoughttobetheshroudwhichhadenvelopedtheheadof`,*o}xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x^^Christ.RichardLion-Heart,St.LouisandCharlesVallcametopraytoit.In1934,itwas"n 66declarednon-authentic,theembroiderybearingan11C Kouficinscription."n Z[MGG-Prigord-Quercy  ,p.56. MGG-Dordogne+  ,p.71.]"n n'nRobert de ++ClariwroteofseeingaShroudatSt.Mary  BlachernaeinConstantinoplein"n &^^1203,whichdisappearedinthe1204SackofConstantinople.Thereisa1205referencetoits"n KKhavingbeingcarriedofftoAthensbytheVenetiansaftertheSack.[Noel Currer-Briggs;"n x%%Letter:Silverliningtotheshroud; TheGuardian ..(15Oct1988).][Weaver,loc.cit.atTurin"n  above.]Thismayhavebeenthe 99MandylionwhichissaidtohavebeenlostintheSackof"n 7__ConstantinoplebutseeunderVeronica'sVeil.Inthe1990s,therewereattemptstoidentify"n 'theShroudwiththe  Mandylionof  Edessa[Van Biema]."n 'nThereisalate12C  SainteFace de Laon, Aisne,witha slavic(?)inscription"n   [Currer-Briggs,op.cit.above]."n 'nOOPartoftheclothwhichboundhisheadwasatWestminsterAbbey,London[Kent,"n p. 74]."n r'nTTc1137,HenryofBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alargecrossreliquary"n OOcontainingmanyrelics,includingapieceoftheHolyShroud[Gauthier,p.56].`,*p@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nTTIntheSchatzkammer,Vienna,isanostensorywithapieceoftheShroud,twostones"n i``fromtheHolyPlacesandrelicsoffourothersaints[Baueretal.,p.298].Anotherreliquary"n HHhasapieceoftheShroudandrelicsofSS.Andrew,Eustace,Georgeand Stephan[Baueretal.,"n p.306]."n "n } 'n,nHOLYSEPULCHRE"n "n 'nRRNorthoftheoldcityofJerusalemisthegardentombwhichmanyProtestantsects"n $__believetobethetombofChrist[Anon;Easter;1973;op.cit.above].Thiswasdiscoveredby"n BXXGeneralGordonin1882andisacharacteristictomboftheperiod,butisactuallyfrom"n '^^Byzantinetimes.[Becker,pp.4344.]MostChristiansregardtheHolySepulchretobeinthe"n ``Churchofthatname.TheChurchalsocontainsthesiteoftheCrucifixionandtheAltarofthe"n \\CrucifixionisoveraholeassertedtobewheretheCrosswaserected,andthesitesofthe"n Jaathieves'scrossesarealsomarked[Becker,p.37].IntheChapeloftheAngelsisapartofthe"n AAstoneonwhichtheAngelsatattheResurrection[Becker,p.38]."n 'n Santi JJApostoli,Florence,Toscana,hasthreesplintersfromastoneoftheHoly"n ;Sepulchre,givenby  Goffredo da  Buglioneto Pazzo ((de'PazziwhenheenteredJerusalemwith"n T histroops[Firenze Oggi BB(Mar/Apr1978)6].Theseflintsareusedtostrikefireforthe"n   'Scoppiodel Carro'onEasterDay[R.  Bartolini;Florence ; %%BartoliniPublications,Florence,nd"n , [1960s],pp.76&176]."n 'nCC[BaringGould(2),pp.123128describesthewholeceremonyofthe  'Scoppiodel"n 7 99Carro',includingseverallegendsaboutitsfoundation."n 'n,,ThefirstlegendisthataFlorentinenamed ((PazzinowenttoJerusalemandkindleda"n YYtorchattheHolySepulchreonEasterEveanddecidedtobringthissacredflamebackto``,*q  xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xZZFlorence.Topreventitblowingout,herodebackwardonhishorse,whereuponspectators"n  calledout  'Pazzi! <``reachedFlorence,theyresolvedtousethestone(s)tostrikethenewEasterfireeachyearand"n the  'Scoppiodel 00Carro'developedfromthis.Formanyyearsthe Pazzifamilypaidforit."n 'nThethirdlegendisthat ??PazzinowasaknightintheFirstCrusadeandwasthefirstto"n ZZscalethewallsofJerusalemanderectthebannerofthecross.Hesentthenewshomeby"n ZZcarrierpigeonandapparentlyFlorencedecidedtocelebratethepigeon'sarrivalwiththe"n 7  ceremony."n "n 'nSSThereisafragmentfromtheHolySepulchreintheCathedralofPamplona,Navarre,"n 6++Spain,saidtohavecomefromSt.Louis.[ MGG-Spain ((,p.170]saysthereisa13Creliquary"n LLoftheHolySepulchredonatedbySt.LouisanditisintheDiocesanMuseum."n ^'n88TherearerelicsoftheHolySepulchreinanoratoryat  (Borgo)San Sepolcro,Toscana"n  VV[Lyall,p. 221].ThesewerebroughtbackbytwopilgrimsfromtheHolyLandwhotook"n ^^refugeinamonasterynearthetownandthetowneventuallywasrenamedfortherelics[local"n  guidebook].[R.EmmettTaylor;))NoRoyalRoadLucaPacioliandHisTimes  ;Univ.of"n ZZNorthCarolinaPress,ChapelHill,1942,p.7]saysthepilgrimscameinthe10Candthey"n & ''establishedtheoratoryfortherelics."n ,'nVVTherewereseveralpartsoftheSepulchreatWestminsterAbbey,London,includingits"n seal[Kent,p.74]."n r'nTTc1137,HenryofBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alargecrossreliquary`P,*r]xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ;xQQcontainingmanyrelics,includingpiecesoftheHolySepulchre[Gauthier,p.56]."n 5'nAcapsulereliquaryfrom Eu,nowintheMuse Dpartemental des Antiquitis,Rouen,"n KOOSeineMaritime,containedrelicsoftheHolySepulchre[Gauthier,pp.106107]."n 'nXXThereisareliquaryoftheHolySepulchreinSantaMariaCathedral,Pamplona,Navarre,"n DDSpain,whichalsocontainssomeofhissweat[Gauthier,p.154155]."n 'n11Thereisa12CcopyoftheHolySepulchreatthe CapuchinChurch (Kapuzinerkirche)in"n + Eichsttt,Bayern,Germany.[ MGGGermany  ,p.119]."n "n 'n,n FOOTPRINTS"n "n %'nInthechurchof Domine Quo 22Vadis,ontheAppianWay,Rome,Lazio,Italy,are"n 5YYFootprintsofChristwell,amarblecopy,madein1830,ofPURPORTEDfootprints[James"n  &&Cerruti;DowntheAncientAppianWay; Nat.Geog. ""159:6(Jun1981)719].TheREALPP,*su@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n oxfootprintsareinS. !!Sebastiano,nearby.Theonesin Domine Quo Vadisareareproduction."n n [BG-Rome  ,p.227.]"n 'nSSWestminsterAbbey,London,hadafootprintinstone[Ash].Kent[p.75]says"the"n DDstonewiththeimpressionofhisfeet,leftonitathisAscension"."n 'nPPInSamos,Greece,animpressionintheshapeofafootprinthasbecomeknownas"n Christ'sFoot  [TassosN. Petris;--SamosHistoryArtFolkloreModernLife ; Toubis,"n Athens,1983,pp.3031.]"n "n ? 'n,n GETHSEMANE"n "n 'n##GethsemanederivesfromtheHebrew 22'Gatsheman',meaning'oilpress'.TheChurchof"n RbbAllNationsisbuiltovertheplacewhereJesusprayedandinfrontofthealtarisapartofthe"n c__actualrockwhereheprayed.Intheadjacentgardenare8olivetrees,saidtohavebeenhere"n A``whenJesuscame(oratleasttobedescendedfromthose,oratleasttobeveryold).[Becker,"n [p.47;  Jahshan& NNJahshan,pp.4344.][Timbs,p.7]referstotheseeighttreesassupposedly"n bbdatingfromthetimeofChrist,butnotesthatJosephusrelatesthatTitushadcutdownalltrees"n  within100furlongsofthecity."n 'nThe  Santissimo FFBambinoisaimageofthebabyChristcarvedfromolivewoodfromthe"n ::GardenofGethsemane,nowinthechurchofSantaMariain Aracoeli,Rome,Lazio,Italy"n ][BG-Rome EE,pp. 66-67].Accordingto[Mrs.HerbertVivian;Miraculousimages; TheRoyal"n Magazine <<6:3(Jul1901)240244],theimagewaspaintedbySt.Luke."n 'n>>[Foligno,p.198]describesthefollowingintheCappelladel TesorointheBasilicaofSt."n ZZAnthony,Padua,Veneto:thetongueandchinofSt.Anthony;apieceoftheTrueCross;"n 0\\somethornsfromtheCrownofThorns;astonefromGethsemane;therelicsoftheApostlesP0,*t xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x""(nofurtherspecificationgiven!)."n m'n**AreplicaofthetombofChristisinthe %%Jeruzalemkerk,Brugge(Bruges),West"n Vlaanderen,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.131]."n 'nXXThevillagechurchofPreston,Lancashire,hasyewtreessaidtohavebeenbroughtfrom"n [  Gethsemane[ Timpson(2),p.191]."n "n 'n,n STIGMATA."n "n 'n[John --Hooper;Fromcharlatantosaintin30years; TheGuardian (22Sep1998)17.],"n )reportingonPadre ??Pio,statesthattherearesome300recordedcasesofStigmata."n ^'n33See:CatherineofSiena;FrancisofAssisi;Padre Pio;"n "n 'n,n MISCELLANEOUS"n "n "'nII[O'Neil,pp.445446]saysthatthreenavelsofChristweredisplayedat Lucques,Rome"n XXandChalonssurMarne.HeaddsthatthereareanumberofChrist'sumbiliciatvarious"n pXXplaces.(Tomenavelandumbilicusareidenticalperhapsthelaterisbeingusedfor"n  umbilicalcord??)"n "n "n o'n,nMARY $$(IncludingMaryMagdalene&Martha)"n "n 'nRRTheentirestoryofMary'sparents,AnneandJoachim,isapocryphal,basedonthe"n GospelofJames ,..TheGospeloftheNativityoftheBlessedMary andPseudoMatthew ="n cSSBookoftheNativityoftheBlessedVirginMaryandoftheChildhoodoftheSaviour ,"n WWallofwhichareprettydubious.TraditionsaysAnneandJoachimcamefromGalileeto"n YYJerusalemandMarywasbornattheirhouse,onthesiteofSt.Anne'sChurch,Jerusalem,"n Y11adjacenttothePoolofBethesda[Becker,p.28;  Jahshan& !!Jahshan,pp. 2728].Thechurch"n ;;hashasothernamesatvarioustimes:St.Mary;St.Mary ubi nata est;St.Maryin  Probatica;"n Holy XXProbatica,butitisa4Cchurch,probablybuiltbySt.Helena.ThissourcesaysAnne0,*uxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xYYandJoachimwereburiedthere,butthechurchwasconvertedintoaMoslemschool,c900."n IIThecryptwhichformerlycontainedthetombswasrediscoveredin1889.[ Catholic"n g Encyclopedia LL,sentbyJoachimMiller,23Dec2001.]AnothersourcesaysAnne,Joachim,"n FFJosephandMarywereburiedintheChurchoftheTombofMary,inthe KedronValleyonthe"n aaleftsideoftheroad(JerichoRoad)leadingtoGethsemane,thoughtheoldestpartofthisseems"n tobe5C[Becker,p. 48;  Jahshan& 77Jahshan,pp.4142].MaryissaidtohavediedonMt. ,*vu@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Rx]]Zion,whichhasanAbbeyoftheDormition,butthesiteofherdeathisinthenearbyChurch"n ""ofSt.Mary.[Becker,pp.5455.]"n 'nRRAnotherstorysaysshewenttoEphesusanddiedthereseeunderHousesofMary,"n below."n "n 'n In2002,Dan KKCruickshankassertedtherewasamedievalcultofvenerationofthevagina"n 6__oftheVirginMary,astheportalofChrist'sentranceintotheworld.Thiswassymbolizedby"n ..thepointedovalshapevariouslyknownasthe vesica ''piscis(thefishshapedvessel)orthe"n  IImandorla(thealmondshapewhichoftensurroundsimagesoftheVirgin).  Cruickshank"n YYclaimedfurtherthatthiscultunderliesthefoundingoftheOrderoftheGarterandits"n __venerationoftheVirginandhefindsmanyexamplesoftheshapeinitschapelofSt.George's"n Y__inWindsorCastle.Otherspointoutthatthereisnohistoricalevidenceofsuchaconnection"n 0..andthechapelhasneverbeenacentreofthe ))Mariancultanddoesn'tevenhaveaLady"n [[Chapel.Further,theshapeisquitebasicandeasilyseeninalmostanystructure.[Maev"n 44Kennedy;VirginMary'scluetoroyalordermystery; TheGuardian (23Nov2002)15(a"n y previewof NNCruickshank'sBBC2program,Windsor:Britain'sBestBuildings,broadcastthat"n s evening,butIdidn'tseeit).]"n "n 'nUUTheCaveoftheMILKoftheVirgin,madewhitebyhermilk,wasapopularpilgrimage"n !spotinPalestine QQ[Horton;op.cit.underforeskin,p.56].[Becker,p.61]describesaGrottoof"n +[[theMilkasbeing400msouthoftheChurchoftheNativityinBethlehemandsaysMaryand"n m11herbabyhidtherebeforetheyfledintoEgypt."n 7'n))SomeofMary'smilkwasatthefollowing."n 'n,nGGErasmusreportedseeingmilkoftheVirginatCanterbury[Kent,p.77]. 0,*w @ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n @x'n,n++St.Paul'sCathedral,London[Kent,p.77]."n 0'n,n((WestminsterAbbey,London[Kent,p.74]."n 'n,n CountGuido  Guerrapresentedarelicofthe Sacro Latto(HolyMilk)tothe"n  CollegiataofSanLorenzo, >>Montevarchi,Toscana,bythe15C.Achapelinthechurchwas"n \\intendedtodisplaytherelicandincludesadellaRobbiareliefshowingthepresentation."n [Laura  Cecinato;  Museidel Valdarno ; Officinedella ((Cultura,Arezzo,nd[obtainedin2001],"n p.20.]"n 'n,nPadua (Padova)[Kent,p.79]."n s'n,nBBCharlesIVofBohemiaandHolyRomanEmperorfrom1348,amasseda"n 0cccollectionofrelicsatPrague,including"partofthewhipusedinthePassion,twothorns...,a"n DXXfewdropsofmilkfromtheVirginMaryandoneofMaryMagdalene'sbreasts"[Humphreys,"n p.92]."n 'n,n CCQuedlinburg,SachsenAnhalt,GermanyseeunderBloodofChrist."n k'n,nKKThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseum"n pof)SantaMaria, Roncesvalles, ;;Navarra,Spain,includessomeMilk[Gauthier,pp.130133]."n 'n,nOOSt.George'sChapel,WindsorCastle,Berkshire[Hill,p.42;Dutton,p.133]."n 'nWW[O'Neil,p.446]saysthereare69sanctuarieswithMilkoftheVirgin.Calvinsaid:"n v\\"HadtheVirginbeenawetnurseforallofherlife,shecouldnothaveproducedmoremilk"n ^++thanyouseeinvariouspartsoftheland.""n "n 'nSSThehairoftheVirginwasgivenbytheDukeofApuliatotheCountofFlandersin"n ##1096.ItwassenttotheAbbeyof 55Watten,NordorPasdeCalais,France.[Runciman-1,"n ^^p. 166.]SomeofherhairwasatWestminsterAbbey,London[Kent,p.74].Someofherhair,"n \\andsomemorerelics,wereatSt.Paul'sCathedral,London[Kent,p.77].Somehairwasat0,*xxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xPadua ''(Padova)[Kent,p.79].Ahairwasat ++Quedlinburg,SachsenAnhalt,Germanysee"n \\underBloodofChrist.c1137,HenryofBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alarge"n aacrossreliquarycontainingmanyrelics,includinghairfromthetomboftheVirgin[Gauthier,p."n XX56].AcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includessomehairof"n z Mary[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n 'nTTTheweddingringofMarywasfoundbyPopeGregory(reigned996999)inItaly.The"n N^^factthatJewishpeopledidnotwearweddingringsatthetimeofChristdidn'tseemtoworry"n him.[Stein& MacNee,p.41.]"n ,'nWWTheweddingringoftheVirginisintheCathedralofSanLorenzoinPerugia,Umbria."n XItwasbroughtby  Winterio di %%Magonza,who"piouslystoleit"from Chiusiin1472Idon't"n ZZknowifthisisthesameringfoundbyGregory,above.Itis'probablysomerareformof"n ddagate'.ItisdisplayedonfiveoftheVirgin'sfeastdayseachyearandabout1895,itcouldeven@,*yu xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x behandled. [Rowdon,p.30.Margaret  Symonds& LinaDuffGordon;TheStoryofPerugia ;"n  [[MedivalTownsseries,Dent,London,1904(butprefacedated1897),pp.139141.][Timbs,"n //p.236]saysitis'greenjasper,oraplasma'."n "n 'n!!ThereisathighboneofMaryin Halle,SachsenAnhalt,Germany [Mackay,p.698]."n <'n88Thereisa13CreliquaryofMaryintheTreasuryofthe CollgialeNotreDamein Huy"n  (Hoei),Lige,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.213]."n 'nOOThereisadoubtfulTombofMaryinJerusalem[Anon:Wherewerethosefeatsin"n ancienttimes?;TimesSaturdayReview 33(24Oct1992)4445].[Becker,p.48]saysAnne,"n WWJoachim,JosephandMaryaresaidtobeburiedintheChurchoftheTombofMary,near"n 8PPGethsemane,buthenotesthatMaryisalsosaidtobeburiedinEphesus,Turkey."n 'nAAThereisacrossreliquaryincludingrelicsoftheVirgininSt. GeorgCathedral, Limburg"n Aan der ((Lahn,Hessen[Gauthier,pp.6869&72]."n 'nOOPartofthewindowoftheAnnunciationwasatWestminsterAbbey,London[Kent,"n p. 74]."n Z'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin,  Mettlach &&(Pfalz),whichincludesrelicsofthe"n GGVirgin[Gauthier,pp.7071&80].(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n .'nQQRelicsoftheVirginareintheSchatzkammer,Vienna[Baueretal.,pp.294295]."n 'nXXAcandleendoftheVirginwasinSt.George'sChapel,WindsorCastle,Berkshire[Hill,"n - p.42;Dutton,p.133]."n 'nInthechurchofSt.James (sv. Jakub), Mal S %%tupartsk,Prague,isa400yearold"n B]]decomposedforearm.Accordingtolegend,athiefbrokeinandattemptedtostealthejewels"n __fromastatueoftheVirgin,butshegrabbedholdandwouldnotreleasehim,sothearmhadto@ ,*z 0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x becutoff. [ BGPrague !!,pp.8485.Humphreys,p.102.]"n 'nXXTheHolyStole,awhiteepiscopalstolewovenwithgoldbytheVirgin,waspresentedto"n 33St.Hubertbyanangeltopersuadehimtoaccepta bishopriccfHubert."n 'nOOThePillarofSaragossa,Aragon,Spain,issaidtohavebeenbroughtbyangels"n BBaccompanyingMaryandsheinstructedSt.Jamesfromthetopofit  [Michell& Rickard,p.18]."n B[ MGG-Spain ==,pp. 211&213]saystheapparitionwason2Jan40andthe PilarBasilicawas"n 3ccbuiltaroundthepillarinthe3C.ItispresentlyinanicheintheLadyChapelofthecathedral"n tofOurLadyofthePillar  (Nuestra  Seoradel Pilar).Thereisa PilarMuseumnearby."n "n M'n,n1nCLOTHESOFMARY"n "n L'nVVAbout620,theclothingofMarywasdiscoveredinThrace.Nodetailswerereported."n  [Stein& MacNee,pp.41.]"n 'nXXAttheDissolution,11girdlesofMarywerefoundinEnglishmonasteries.In1502,one"n #__ofthesewasbroughttoElizabethofYork,presumablytopromotefertility.[Reynolds,p.19.]"n "n 'n,n++MiscellaneousSites,inAlphabeticalOrder."n "n 'nMMAgownoftheVirginwasbroughttoAachen,NordrheinWestfalen,Germany,by"n ``CharlemagneandisintheTreasuryoftheCathedralatAachen.[Rorimer,p.99]saysitisthe"n ``Virgin'srobeandisorwasintheShrineoftheVirgin.Agirdleisalsothereinadifferent"n W  reliquary."n 'nTTThereliquaryoftheSeamlessTunicintheBasilicaofSt.Francis,Assisi,Umbria,"n BBcontainsrelicsofgarmentsoftheVirgin[Gauthier,pp.158160]."n 'nBBAfragmentofthegirdleisintheChurchoftheAnnunciation(or Catholicon)inthe"n :\\MonasteryofVatopedionMt.Athos,Greece.Itwaspresentedtothemonasteryinthe14C. ,*{M(xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 1x dd[deJongh,p.272.]But[Lancaster(2),p.77=Lancaster(3),p.82]saysitisthegirdleofthe"n Virgin."n 'n\\Relicsofthegirdle,veilandotherclothesoftheVirginareintheReliquaryoftheHoly"n [[ThornfromtheGrandselveTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne"n  [Gauthier,pp.168171]."n 'nTherobeoftheVirginwasat 55Capernaum,Palestine(nowIsrael).Inthe5C,under"n ^^Leo I,twosenatorsstoleit,leavingasubstitute,andbroughtittoConstantinople.Itwas"n 55placedinSSPeterandMark,buttheninSt.Maryof Blachernae.[Cuddon,p.128.]"n "n +'n[[Theveil(orchemise)oftheVirginisintheCathedralatChartres,EureetLoir.Itwas"n \\receivedfromCharlestheBald,whoreigned840-877."DuringtheRevolutiontheHolyRelic@,*|u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x&&wasdesecratedandpartlylost."[E. Houvetetal.;ChartresCathedral  ;Editions Houvet,"n aaChartres,1972.Pp.11-12.]Anotherguidesaysonly"asearlyasthereignofCharlestheBald"n b ...,therewaspreserved..."[ Chartres Ville d'Art ;  Syndicat d'InitiativeofChartres,"n KKChartres,nd[c1970].]Anotherguidesaysitwasdonatedin876.[Office de  Tourisme de"n  Chartres;Chartres HH;nd[1980s?],p.6.][Dunlop,p.112]saysitwasthechemisewornby"n ==MaryattheAnnunciation,donatedbyCharlestheBaldin878."n C'nLawrenceWright[&&WarmandSnugTheHistoryoftheBed ;RoutledgeandKegan"n 9[[Paul,London,1962,pp.174-175]saysitwasthechemisewornbytheVirginthroughouther"n ]]pregnancy.RoyalcouplesseekingpregnancywouldwalkfromParistoChartrestoreceivethe"n ``originalandareplica.TheKingworethereplicauntilconceptionwasclearandthekingwore"n theoriginaluntildelivery."n 'n;;Reynolds[p.19]saysMaryworetwochemises,accordingto  Nicephorus Calistus.One"n WWorbothoftheseweregiventoCharlemagnebytheEmpressIreneandbothwoundupwith"n `  Henri III."n "n *'nVVAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesrelicsofMary's"n ))clothesandgirdle[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n 'nRRThechurchofSS.PeterandMark,Constantinople,wasfoundedin458tohousethe"n ;;tunicoftheVirgin,broughtfromJerusalembytheEmperor Justin.Thebuildingisnow Koca"n ' Mustafa Camii. [Boulanger,pp.111112.]"n 'n::ApartofthegirdleoftheVirginisinthemonasteryof !!Leimonos,inthecentreofnorth"n Q Lesbos [Eleftheriadis,p.81]."n 'nSSManypiecesofhervestments,herlinen,hershoesandherbedwereatWestminster@`,*}  xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xOOAbbey,London[Kent,p.74].ThegirdlegivenbytheMadonnatoThomaswasat"n KKWestminsterAbbey.ItwasusedtoeasechildbirthandwastakentoEdward III'squeenin"n -XX1337and1354,amongothers.[Kent,pp.7475].Therewasagirdle(yetanother?)at"n WestminsterAbbey[Ash]."n 'nQQTherewasaveilofMaryatWestminsterAbbey,London,fromc925[Kent,p.74]."n ??TherewasavestatSt.Paul'sCathedral,London[Kent,p.77]."n 'nUUThereisagirdleoftheVirginintheDuomoatPrato,Toscana.Itwasgivenbythe"n LWWMadonna,fromHeaven,totheApostleThomas,toremovehisdoubtsaboutherAssumption"n ==whichhehadnotseen.ItwasbroughtfromtheHolyLandby MicheleDagomariin1141."n  [Lyall,p.54.]"n 'n,,ThereisanothergirdleoftheVirgininLe &&Puy-Notre-Dame,nearAngers,Maineet"n ``Loire,broughtfromJerusaleminthe12C.PilgrimagesarestillmadetoitontheSundayafter"n T 7Sep.[ MGG-Loire CC,p.82.][Reynolds,p.19]referstothisasbeingatNotreDame du Puy"n ^^andsaysAnneofAustriahadrecoursetoitafter20yearsbarrennessandthenproducedLouis"n  XIV."n u'n11AfragmentoftheVirgin'sgirdlewasbroughtto Quintin,Ctesd'Armor,from"n Y Jerusalemby  Geoffroy  Botrel(or Botherel),lordof ++Quintin,inthe13Candisinthebasilica"n there[ MGGBrittany  ,p. 200]."n 'n Afragment 'De vesteV.M.'isinS.Paolo fuori le Mura,Rome,Lazio,Italy[DBS]."n 'nThereisanothergirdle,at 77Tortosa,Catalonia,Spain,whichwasbroughtdownfrom"n heavenin1178 ==[Lyall,p.54].ItisintheChapelofOurLadyoftheBelt  (Nuestra  Seoradela"n  Cinta)intheCathedral[ MGG-Spain ,pp.241242]."n F'nVVTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithapieceofMary'sveilandarelicof`P,*~xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x__St.George[Baueretal.,p.266].Otherostensoryhasapieceofveil[Baueretal.,p.267]."n "n 'n,n1nHOUSESOFMARY"n "n 'nHHSeeunderAnne&JoachimatthebeginningoftheSectiononMary,above."n |'nSSMt.AthoswassanctifiedbyavisitfromMarywhowasonherwayfromPalestineto"n ``CyprustovisitLazarusandwasblownoffcourse[Lancaster(2),p.66=Lancaster(3),p.73;"n   deJongh,pp.253254]."n "n 'nQQTheVirginandJohntheEvangelistaresupposedtohavegonetoEphesus,Turkey,"n %00c+53,andlivedintheHouseoftheVirginMary ,,(Meryemana)whichispreservedthereatthe"n locationcalled Panayia --Kapulusome8kmsouthofthemoderntownof Seluk.[Turkish"n %%MinistryofTourismandInformation;Turkey:AegeanRegion ;1968.Freely,pp.152153&"n &[[160;Freely (2),pp.260&273.][Freely(2),p.273]addsthatthesiteofthehousewasP0,*u` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x22revealedinadreamintheearly19CtoCatherine $$Emmerich,aninvalidGermannunwho"n __neverleftGermany.Thevisionwassufficientlydetailedtoleadalocalpriesttothishouse"n p ""andtheChurchadopteditin1896."n 'n--In1061,theLadyoftheManorofWalsingham Parva,  Richeldis de Faverches,hada"n 0__visionoftheVirginwhotookhertoNazarethandinstructedhertobuildanexactcopyofthe"n OWWHolyHouse(wheretheAnnunciationwasmade)atWalsingham,Norfolk.(Anotherversion"n $$saysitwasJesus'schildhoodhome [Damian Thompson;Pilgrims'punch-up;DailyTelegraph "n <CC(28May1988)13].)Duringbuilding,thehousemoved'twohundred foteandmorein"n  [[dystaunce'.ThehousewasdestroyedattheDissolution,butrecreatedin1931-1938bythe"n 2localvicar,ArthurHope Patten.[E.R. &&Chamberlin;Pilgrimsmakingprogress; TheGuardian "n (27Aug1982)14. Ena !!Kendal;HolylandofWalsingham;ObserverMagazine  (18April"n > 1976)17-18. Clough.]"n 'nTTTheHolyHouseofLoreto(31ftby13ft)isfirst(?)mentionedinrecordsof1472,"n Kwhichsayitmovedto Tersatto,near  Fiume(now **Rijeka,Croatia),on10May1291andthen"n ~,,movedthreemoretimes,arrivingatLoreto, Marche,20km SSEofAncona,on2Dec1295"n )[Curd,p.52].Brewer[''Brewer'sDictionaryofPhraseandFable ;CentenaryEdition,"n DDCassell,London,1970,p.660]citesonlyoneintermediatemove,to  Recanati,  Marche,in"n q[[1294.ItisclaimedtobethehouseofMaryatNazarethwhereshewasconceived,bornand"n qAAannunciatedandtohavebeenmovedbyangelstosaveitfromthe SeljukTurksinthe12C."n e [Ena VVKendal;op.cit.aboveunderWalsingham.]Therewasa13CstatueoftheVirginhere,0P,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xNNbutitburnedin1921.Accordingto[Mrs.HerbertVivian;Miraculousimages; TheRoyal"n $Magazine RR6:3(Jul1901)240244],theimagewascarvedbySt.LukeinLebanesewood.She"n 99impliesthehousecamedirectfromPalestinetoLoreto."n ['n((Atleast50othercopieshavebeenmade [ BGPrague !!,p.153],themostfamousbeing"n the LoretaorSanta CasainPrague,on  Loretnsk nme  stinthe Hradanydistrict,abitWof"n YYtheCastle.Thiswasfoundedin1626.[Humphreys,p.68]saysthereare50examplesin"n  Czechlands."n "n 'nWWOntheotherhand,Joseph'sworkshop,Mary'skitchenandtwositesoftheAnnunciation"n narestillinNazareth GG[MacLeish,p.836],while[LaFay,p.748]saystwohousesoftheHoly"n 3 Familyarethere."n "n 'n((Thevirginappearedtofivechildrenat //Beauraing,Namur,Belgium,in19321933andit"n ]]hasbecomeaplaceofpilgrimage.AstatueofMaryhasbeenerectedunderthehawthorntree"n ZZwherethevisionappeared.Someofthestonesthechildrenkneeledonhavebeensetina"n nearbypavement.[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.110.]"n 'n//TheVirginappearedeighttimesto11yearold  Mariette Becoat BanneauxNotreDame,"n jNof SSSougnRemouchamps,Lige,Belgium,in1933.ThereisaMiraculousSpringthere."n [MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.293.]"n "n "n C'n,n1nMARYMAGDALENE,MARTHA,ETC."n "n 'nPPLazarus,thebrotherofMaryMagdalene,wasraisedfromthedeadatBethany,or"n  El-Aziriyehor JJElAzaryeh,whichderivefromLazarus.ThehousesofMarthaandMaryand"n EDDofSimontheLeperareshown,andthereistheSepulchreofLazarus [RobertsCrolly,III19;"n k  Jahshan& PPJahshan,pp.7980].AftertheCrucifixion,MaryMagdalenelived13yearswithP,*]xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x!!Mary.ThenMaryMagdalene,Mary ((Jacob(thesisteroftheVirgin),Mary  Salom(the"n YYmotheroftheApostlesJamesandJohn),Lazarus(theResurrected),Martha(thesisterof"n  Lazarus),  Maximinus, ""Sidonius(themanbornblind)and  Sara(theirblack(orEgyptian)"n O``servant)wereplacedinaboat,withoutsailsoroars,andsetadriftfromtheHolyLand.This"n  landedat Les OOSaintes-Maries-de-la-Mer,BouchesduRhne.Allofthepassengersaresaints,"n except  Sara.Mary  Jacobe,Mary  Salomeand  Sararemainedandareburiedat Les"n c --Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.Relicsofthetwo Marysandthetombof Saraareinthechurch."n  LLSaraisthepatronessofgypsies,whomakeapilgrimagehereevery24May.  [Lyall(2),"n p. 164.]"n 'n AfterpreachingtheGospelwith 55Maximinus,MaryMagdalenedecidedtoretirefromthe"n //worldandwasguidedbyangelstoacaveatLa Sainte Baume, Var,anddied33yearslater"n ==afterdescendingtotheplainandtakingLastCommunionfrom Maximinus.Thesiteofthe"n --LastCommunionisafewhundredyardsbefore ''StMaximinandismarkedbyamonument`,*uxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x calledPetit ??Pilon.Thecavehasbeenveneratedsincethe5Candisinthe  SainteBaume"n LMassifnearSt. Pilon,abitsouthof St  Maximinla Sainte  Baume.St. Maximinuswas"n 8martyredatAix. AAMaximinuswasburiedinthesamecryptasMaryMagdaleneandthe"n BasilicaofSt.  Maximinla Sainte 33Baumewasbuiltoverthesiteaftertheboneswere"n aadiscoveredin1279.Thecryptisactuallytheburialvaultofalate4Corearly5CRomanvilla"n __andthesarcophagiareamongtheoldestChristiantombsinFrance.Thereisaskull(complete"n cranium)ofMaryMagdalene. [G.   Edwards; UncumberandPantaloon  ;Geoffrey Bles,"n 00London,1968,p.125.Lyall(2),pp. 103105. MGGRiviera ,pp.128129&134136.]"n 'n Lyall II[Lyall(2),p.104]addsthatVzelay,Yonne,alsohasthebonesofMary"n d Magdalene.[ MGG-Bourgogne ;;,pp.157&160]saystheboneshavebeeninVzelaysince"n ,VVthe12C.[PaulWebster;Cashcrusaders'planstirstheshrineofapenitent'sbones;The"n Guardian UU(3Sep1991)20]saysVzelaywasamajorstoponthepilgrimroutetoCompostela."n fRichard Lionheartand  Philippe <>RoryCarroll;Mysterysaintmayhavemillionsathisservice; TheGuardian  (16Mar"n 8  2002)17]."n 'nXXThereisamiraculouspaintingoftheMadonnabySt.LukeinthechurchofSantaMaria,"n A^^Impruneta,Toscana,outsideFlorence.ItissaidtohavebeenuncoveredbyalabourerandtoP`,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ax__havecriedoutwhenstruckbyhisspade.Thechurchwasbuilttohouseit.ItisaByzantine"n 8work.[BG-NI QQ(1960),p. 429.]Itissaidtohavebeenbroughtbyoneofthemessengersthat"n ^^S.PetersenttoTuscany.Afterbeingadoredforyears,itvanishedandthevillagetriedto"n e\\buildachurchbutfoundtheworkdemolishedeverynight.Theyreleasedapairofbullocks"n ZZwithaloadofbuildingstonewhichstoppedwherethechurchnowstands.Whilebuilding,"n ^^theyheardacryanddiscoveredthepicture."Thepictureseemsnevertohavebeenuncovered"n y ##inpublic."[Hutton,pp.166170.]"n |'nAbout1540,Lucas AACranachtheElderpaintedapictureoftheVirginwhichsoonwas"n ,,attributedwithmiraculouspowers.Elector Johann ))GeorgofSaxonypresentedittoArchduke"n (--LeopoldVofAustriaanditwasthenkeptat **Passau,Bayern.In1650,itwasmovedto"n JJInnsbruck,Austria,whereitisinSt.Jacob'schurchandisknownasthe MariahilfBild."n [Baueretal.,p.290.]"n 'nLLThereisapaintingoftheVirginandChildbySt.LukeintheMonasteryof Kykko,"n [[Cyprus.ItwasbroughtfromConstantinoplec1080and"isoneofthethreereputedtohave"n #YYbeenpaintedbySt.Luke."[Thurston,p.134.]"Theiconhasnotbeensubjectedtothe"n .BBsacrilegeofbeinglookedatbyahumansincethe16thcentury." [Nagel,p.118.]"n 'n**AniconofMaryintheOrthodoxChurchof **Mriapcs,Hungary,hasbeenseentoshed"n tearssince1696[HungaryTheRoughGuide ,1992,p.306]."n q'nTheMonasteryof Mega  Spileo(or 11Megaspileon),some60kmeastofPatras,Greece,"n 8''hasawaxedwoodeniconoftheVirgin, Panayia ,,Chrysospiliotissa(TheVirginoftheGolden"n HHCave),attributedtoSt.Luke,discoveredinacavebySS.Theodoreand Simeonwiththeaidof`P,*- ` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n _xS. [[Euphrosynein362.Itimmediatelyproveditsauthenticitybyzappingadragon.Ittalked"n AAandweptfrequentlyduringtheGreekWarofIndependence.[Dana Facaros;HiddenGreece"n Part 1;ObserverMagazine (1990??)3145. deJongh(2),pp.300301.]"n E'n==ThereisamiraculousfrescooftheMadonnaandChildinthe presbytryoftheBasilica"n  ofS.Maria dei  Miracoliby ('presso')S. Celso,Milan,  Lombardia [Converso,p.46]."n 'n MirtidiaMonasteryon Kithira 77(Kythera),Greece,wasfoundedwhereamiraculousicon"n [[oftheVirginwasdiscoveredinamyrtletreebyashepherdboyinthe14C[Young,p.317]."n 'nTheChurchof Chrysaphiotissain 44Monemvasia,intheGreekPeloponnese,hasa'flying"n (77icon'oftheVirgin.Itflewofitsownvolitionfrom %%Chrysaphaatleastthat'swhatthe"n 6 Monemvasiansclaimed,butthe **Chrysaphianshadtheirdoubtsandcameto Monemvasiaand"n --carrieditback.However,it'flew'backto Monemvasiaagainand Chrysaphaaccepteda"n substitutefromthe Monemvasians. 77[deJongh(2),pp.225226.]SeeunderSt.Lukefora"n ''quitedifferentstoryaboutaniconat  Monemvasia."n 'n..ApaintingoftheMadonna,fromtheislandof Eubea(presumably Euboea,modern"n  66Evvoia,Greece),appearedmiraculouslyatthefootof ""Montenero,justsouthofLivorno,"n \\Tuscany,on15May1345.Thediscoveringshepherdcarrieditupthehilluntilitsuddenly"n <aaandfoundtheiconthere.Butthenextnightitagainremoveditselftothetopoftherockand"n \FFthecaptainrealisedthiswasasigntobuildachurchforitthere. [Eleftheriadis,p.83.]"n D'nTheMonasteryof ,,Proussos,Greece,hasaniconoftheVirgin Proussiotissaclaimedto"n __bepaintedbyLuke.Therearevariouslegendsabouthowtheiconflewofftothesiteandwas"n found. [deJongh,pp.136137.]"n 'nJJOneofthemostveneratedrelicsofRhodeswasthepictureofOurLadyof Phileremo.It"n IIwastakentoMaltaandthelastGrandMastertookittoRussiain1798. [Durrell,p.154.]"n 'n22ThereisamiraculousVirgin,possibly9C,inthe  Chapelle Miraculeuseat  Rocamadour,"n 5HauteVienne[ MGG-Dordogne+ ,pp.151152]"n c'nXXOurLadyofthePortalisamiraculouspicturewhich'appeared'inairbeforethe6Cin"n  Rome.ItisnowinS.Mariain //Campitelli,Rome,Lazio,Italy.[Curd,p.41.]"n 'nSantaMariain CCCampitelli,Rome,wasrebuiltin1662-67inhonourofamiraculous"n IIMadonnawhichhaltedapestilence.ItisovertheHighAltarandis13C pietra  durawork."n [BG-Rome  ,p.80.]p,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nThe Acheiropoeta,intheSancta 00SanctorumnearS.GiovanniLaterano,Rome,isa"n [[paintingstartedbySt.Lukeandfinishedbyangels.Itwasreputedtobetheiconofthe"n ZZBronzeGateofConstantinople,savedfromIconoclasmbybeingsetafloat.Itlandednear"n Y PopeGregory IIwhoplaceditinthe 22Lateran.[Curd,p.47.Gauthier,pp.120&124.]"n 'n((InS.MariaMaggiore,Rome,istheicon Salus ""PopuliRomanipaintedbySt.Luke"n |TT[Curd,p.48].ThisisaMadonna,whichhasbeenattributedtoCellini??[DBS??] Masson"n [pp.329-330]callsitan GG'acheiropoieton'pictureinByzantinestyle,longconsideredtobe12C"n ,,or13Cbutnowdatedfourcenturiesearlier."n 'nRRThereisamiraculousMadonnawhichbleduponbeingstruckbyastoneinS.Maria"n   dellaPace,Rome[BG-Rome  ,p.98]."n 'nRRTheMadonnawhichgavevictoryintheBattleoftheWhiteMountain,intheThirty"n gYearsWar,wasinSantaMaria della ++Vittoria,Rome,butitwasburnedin1833[BG-Rome ,"n p. 177]."n 'n==Thereisanearly13CMadonnabySt.LukeinSantaMariadel  Popolo,Rome  [Masson,"n p.216]."n U'n TheMadonna di Aracoeli,inSantaMariain ++Aracoeli,Rome,isattributedtoSt.Luke,"n IIthoughitisprobably11C.ItistheMadonnathatspoketoS.Francesca  Romana.  [Ferdinando"n  de Anglis;SantaMariain Aracoeli ; Piccola Guida  Storico-Artistica,Rome?,1958,"n   pp. 35-37.]"n 'nIn QQSalonica,Greece,theBasilicaoftheMotherofGodhadamiraculousiconofthe"n Virgin ))Acheiropoietos(Notmadebyhumanhands) [deJongh,p.190]."n 'nTTThereisamiraculouspictureoftheBlessedVirginbySaintLukeintheConventof"n d ))Seydnaya,Lebanon(orSyria?orJordan?) [ElinorA.Moore;SomeSoldierMartyrsofthep`,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ?x--EarlyChristianChurchinEastJordan&Syria ; Khayats,Beirut,1964,p.39]."n 'nIn LLSelivrea,ontheSeaofMarmaraoutsideIstanbul,Turkey,LadyMaryWortley"n  EEMontaguwasshown"apictureoftheVirginMarydrawnbythehandof StLuke,verylittleto"n thecreditofhispainting" [Montagu,p.98]."n 'nTheMonasteryof Sumela,about40kmsouthof !!Trabzon(Trebizond),Turkey,was"n 444foundedbytwoGreekmonks,Barnabasandhisnephew $$Sophronius.In385,Barnabashada"n aavisionoftheVirgindirectinghimtotakehericon,paintedbySt.Luke,intothesemountains."n GVVTheyobtainedtheiconinIstanbul(apparentlytherewasnoprobleminobtainingsuch"n `]]paintingsatthattime!)andtookittoTrebizondandintothemountainswheretheyfoundan"n 33appropriatecaveandsetuptheshrineofPanaghia tou ""Melas(VirginoftheBlackRock),"n corruptedinto Soumelas,then BBSumela.Presumablytheicon,ifitstillexisted,wastakenaway"n \\in1923whentheGreekswereexpelled.[Freely,pp.312313.][Freely(2),p.490]simply"n aasaysthattheVirgindirectedBarnabastobuildashrineforhericonandthattheiconpreceded"n 44themtothecavewheretheyfoundit.Itiscalled Panayia  Atheniotissa."n a 'nThessalonikasee  Salonica."n 'nTheiconofPanaghia Teniotissa(or Panayia Evangelistriaor Tiniotissa)isthemost"n [[reverediconinGreeceandtheobjectofamassivepilgrimage.Theiconwasdiscoveredin"n **1822andishousedinalargebasilicaon  Tenos(or --Tinos),intheCyclades.[Lancaster(2),p."n 133.Bradford,pp.105106. <>ThereisamiraculouspaintingofChristbearingtheCrossby Lo SpagnoinPerugia,@,*mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xUmbria [Rowdon,p.56]."n 'nYYInS.GiovanniLaterano,Rome,Lazio,Italy,thereisacopyofthemiraculousmosaicof"n EEtheheadofChristwhichappearedattheconsecrationofthechurch[BG-Rome  ,p.209]."n }'nJJAmiraculouspaintingofChristbySt.LukeandanangelisintheSancta  Sanctorum,"n L!!nearS.GiovanniLaterano,Rome[BG-Rome  ,p.210]."n "n  'n,nSTATUESOFCHRIST"n "n Z'n TheSanta  Cristoof Burgos,Castileand //Len,Spain,issaidtohavebeenfoundinthe"n [[BayofBiscayandtohavetwicereturnedbyitselftotheAugustineMonasteryafterbeing"n Mccstolen.Itisclaimedtohaverealskinandhairandbeard.Thehairissaidtostillbegrowing"n MMandtheimagesweatseveryFriday![Mrs.HerbertVivian;Miraculousimages; TheRoyal"n i Magazine 6:3(Jul1901)240244.]"n 'nIn  Limpias, BBCantabria,Spain,isacrucifixwhichshedtearsofbloodin1919"n w [ MGG-Spain  ,p.84].p,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n &x'nVVThereisacrucifixcarvedfromacedarofLebanonbyNicodemus,withthefacecarved"n byanangel,calledthe Volto ??Santo,intheDuomoatLucca,Toscana.Itisdescribed:asa"n CC'ByzantinecrucifixbroughtfromtheLevantintheeighthcentury' [Lyall,p.35];as"n FFRomanesqueofthe11Cor12C,probablyacopyofaSyrianwork[Anon;Lucca ; Grafica"n  99Lucchese,Lucca,1971,p.21];asan11thcenturywork[BG-NI  ,p.467];asa12Cwork,said"n ##tobeacopyofthelegendaryone[MGG-Italy (1995) **,pp. 131132].Thelastcitedreference"n ZZsaysthatNicodemussawtheimageofChrist'sfaceonthewoodandthatitwaslocatedby"n EBishop CCGualfredowhenonpilgrimagetotheHolyLand.Supposedlyit(and Gualfredo)was"n EEplacedinaboatwithoutcreworsailsandsetadrift.Itlandedat Luni,nearLa Spezia,Liguria,"n VVandwasputinacartdrivenbyuntamedcalves(ortwooxen)whocarriedittoLucca, c8C."n & [Anon;Lucca ;op.cit.,p.21.]"n }'nSSA12C?statueofChristwasdiscoveredburiedin1830andisnowmuchveneratedat"n  Tancrmont,11kmNof ##SougnRemouchamps,Lige,Belgium"n [MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg  ,p.293]."n 'nIn Il Capitello,inSan ==Marco,Venice,Veneto,isacrucifixacquiredattheSackof"n "==Constantinopleandwhichspoutedbloodwhenattackedin1290 [Buckley&Robinson,p.53]."n +'nLadyMaryWortley @@MontaguwasshownawoodenheadofChristintheconventofSt."n aZZLawrenceinViennain1716.ThishadspokenduringtheSiegeofViennatheproofbeing"n O thatthemouthwasstillopen. [Montagu,p.27.]"n 'n--In1030,acarpenter(thevillagesexton)in --Montacute,Somerset,hadadreamtellingthe"n ddvillagetodigonthenearbyhill,wheretheyfoundalifesizeblackflintcrucifixorHolyRood.p`,*- xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x^^Theyputitintoacarttotakeittoaholyplace,butthecartwouldnotmoveuntilWaltham"n ZZwasmentionedwhenthecartpushedtheoxenandwenttoWalthamuntilrecentlyknownas"n WalthamHolyCross. >>[Coster,p.82]saystheHolyRoodislost.[MalcolmRogers;"n _ MontacuteHouse MM;NationalTrust,(1991;revised,1997);revised,2000,p.6]saysthelocal"n lord, Tofig,standardbearertoKing 88Cnut,hadrecentlyfoundedachurchatWalthamandgave"n cctherelictothechurch.KingHaroldespeciallyveneratedthisrelicandused'HolyCross'ashis"n ++warcryatHastingsmuchgooditdidhim!"n t'nAtthe Wieskirche(or Wallfahrtskircheinder ''Wies),outsideMunich,isamiraculous"n <>andwasusuallyreservedforthosewhohadbeenanathematized!"n 'nWW[Hutton,pp.115117]mentionsamultivolumeworkontherelicsplunderedattheSack"n TofConstantinople,bya Comte Riant, Exuvi Sacr Constantinopolitan ,buthegivesno"n (ddmoredetailsofit.Huttonnotesthatpriortothistime,therewerealmostnoearlyrelicsinthe"n ^^west.Supposedly,therelicsweretobepooledanddividedlikeotherbooty,"buttherelics"n xUUwereregardedastoosacredforanythingbutdirectrobbery".Manymorerelicswere"n p[[uncoveredduringtheLatinEmpireandweresentabroad,moreorlesslegitimately.HuttonPP,*@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xaalists,amongotherrelics:manyfragmentsoftheTrueCross,dropsofChrist'sblood,oneofhis"n \\teeth,someofhishair,thepurplerobeandsomeofthebreadblessedattheLastSupper."n 'nRRItisgenerallybelievedthattheRomansfedearlyChristianstothelionsatthe"n }RRColosseuminRomeandIrecallamonumenttotheearlymartyrsbytheColosseum."n *XXHowever,thereisnoevidenceforthisandthetraditiononlydatestoc1750.Thename"n NNColosseumwasgiventotheplacebyBedeinthe8CtheRomanscalleditthe Flavian"n  Amphitheatre. [McGow,pp.1011.]"n "n d 'nSOMEMULTIPLEITEMS."n "n 'n  Inishmore (Arainn),thelargestofthe 33AranIslands,Co.Galway,Ireland,issaidtohave"n ))227saintsburiedonitandwasknownas AranoftheSaints[ MGGIreland  ,p.41]."n 'n((In2002,IvisitedtheCathedralofSt. //Trophime,Arles,BouchesduRhne,whichhasa"n ,CCwholechapelpackedwithreliquaries.InoticedbitsofSS.Anne, TrophimeandUrsula,butI"n 44didn'thavetimetorecordthehundredorsoothers."n E'nYYIn2002,IvisitedtheCathedralofBarcelona,Catalonia,andthereseemedtobeasaint"n p55buriedineachchapel.IonlyhadtimetorecordSS  Oleguerand  Ramonde  Penyafort."n ^'nSt. NNAndrieskerk(St.Andrew'sChurch),Brugge(Bruges),WestVlaanderen,Belgium,"n gDDhasareliquaryof36saintsinthewestcornerofthechurch[Piet  Kimzeke; Allabout"n BAntwerp ;EditorialEscudode Oro,Barcelona&Van  MieghemA., Oostende;translatedby"n A $$PatriciaBennett;c1992,pp.6567]."n q'n[MGG-Italy (1995) DD,p. 260]saysthereareremainsof292martyrsinthecryptofthe"n  CathedralofCagliari,Sardegna."n R'nUUIn1520,aninventoryofreliquarieswasmadeatHalle,SachsenAnhalt,Germany,forP@,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n kx]]thetreasuryofCardinalAlbrechtofBrandenburgand350reliquarieswereillustrated.(The"n [[phrasingseemstoindicatethatthesewereintheCardinal'sTreasury.)[Rorimer,p.107.]"n 'nCCTheReliquaryChapeloftheRoyalConventoftheIncarnation(Real Conventodela"n  XXEncarnacin)inMadrid,Madrid,Spain,contains'some1500relics'.Ofthese,themost"n 88famousareabitoftheTrueCrossandthebloodofSt.  Pantaleon.[ MGG-Spain  ,p.146.]"n p'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin, //Mettlach(Pfalz),whichincludesrelicsofall"n ;YYtwelveApostles:Andrew,Bartholomew,James,JamestheLess,John,Judas,Matthew,Paul,"n [Peter, VVPhilip,Simon,Thomas[Gauthier,pp.7071&80].(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n 'nIntheCathedralof Oviedo,Asturias,Spain,isa ))CmaraSanta,builtinthe9Ctohousea"n ZZcofferofrelicsbroughtfromToledowhenthatfelltotheArabs.Itwasdestroyedinan"n -explosionin1934.[ MGG-Spain  ,p.165.]"n 'n>>[Foligno,p.198]describesthefollowingintheCappelladel TesorointheBasilicaofSt."n ZZAnthony,Padua,Veneto:thetongueandchinofSt.Anthony;apieceoftheTrueCross;"n 0\\somethornsfromtheCrownofThorns;astonefromGethsemane;therelicsoftheApostles"n ""(nofurtherspecificationgiven!)."n :'nTheWelshtownof  Pumsaintor 66Pumpsaintderivesitsnamefromastoneinwhichfive"n HHsaintslefttheirfootprints.Itisprobablyacrudequern.[Howell& Beazley,p.148.]"n M'n!!TheTreasureoftheBasilicaof 66St.Sernin,Toulouse,HautGaronnecontainsrelicsof"n _JJ128saints,includingsixapostles,andapieceoftheCrossandaThorn[ MGG-Dordogne+ ,"n p. 175]."n 'nWWTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsofalltwelveApostles:Andrew,@p,*mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n gxKKBartholomew,James,JamestheLess,John,Judas,Matthew(twice??),Peter, Philip,Simon,"n GGThomas,withJohntheBaptistandSt.Paul[Baueretal.,pp.330331]."n 'nIn14451446,Hermann ::Leicht,ayoungshepherdfromtheCistercianMonasteryof"n Y [[Langheim,hadfourvisionswhichincludedavisionoftheChristChildamongthe'Fourteen"n --Intercessors'or'FourteenHelpersinNeed': 44Achatius,Barbara,Blaise,CatherineofAlexandria,"n  Christopher, EECyriacus,Dionysius,Erasmus,Eustace,George,Giles,Guy,Margaret,  Pantaleon."n 7(But ""MorperhasVitusinsteadofGuy 77ah!,I'venowseenthattheFrenchversionofVitusis"n ^^Guy.)ThecultoftheFourteenHelpersinNeedhadbeguninsouthGermanyintheearly14C."n ?MMAchapelandthenachurchwerebuiltonthesiteofthevisions,nowcalled Vierzehnheiligen"n CChurch,Bayern,Germany.[ MGGGermany ,pp. 286-287.J.J. Morper; Vierzehnheiligen "n w[Englishedition];Verlag  Schnell& Steiner,Munich,1978.]"n "n "n 'nSt.  ABIBA(or JJAbibo),oneoftheseventydisciplesofourLordJesusChristseeunder"n t St.Nicodemus."n p0,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nSt. GGACCA(742).bishopofHexham,isburiedintheCathedralofHexham,"n  Northumberland[Vince,p.5]."n "n S'nTheremainsofSt. ;;ADJUTORandaphialofhisbloodareattheconventbythe"n VTTFranciscanFriaryinWexford,Co.Wexford,Ireland.HewasaboymartyrofRome."n  [ MGG-Ireland  ,p.177.]"n "n 'nPPRelicsofSt.ADRIANareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselve"n YYTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n 'n//Thereisanarmreliquary(c1238)intheMuse  Diocsainet  Trsordela  Cathdrale"n . &&(StAubain)inNamur,Namur,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.262]."n W'nDDTherearerelicsintheSchatzkammer,Vienna[Baueretal.,p.268]."n "n y'nTheskullofSt.AGATHA(= ''Agata)isinareliquaryinS.Paoloa Ripa d'Arno,Pisa,"n `Toscana [Ross&Erichsen,pp.248-249]."n h'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin, //Mettlach(Pfalz),whichincludesrelicsofSt."n GGAgatha[Gauthier,pp.7071&80].(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n 'nVVAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesrelicsofAgatha"n k [Gauthier,pp.9698]."n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n d SantaMaria, Roncesvalles, ::Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofAgatha[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130-133]."n 'n''PartofthethighofAgathawasatthe MinsterofWimborne Minster,Dorset[Treves,"n p. 116]."n "n 'n$$TherearerelicsofSt.AGNES&St. EMERENTIANAinS. Agnese fuori le Mura,"n Rome,Lazio,Italy[BG-Rome  ,p.179]."n ,'n%%[MonicaFurlong;Reviewof:Margaret Visser;TheGeometryofLove ;Viking,2001;0@,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n oxTheTimeLiterarySupplement >>(7Dec2001)26]saysthechurchwasbuiltoverthebonesof"n SSthe12yearoldSt.Agnes,killedin305becauseshewouldnotmarryanunbeliever."n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n  SantaMaria, Roncesvalles, 99Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofAgnes[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130-133]."n 'nRRIntheSchatzkammer,Vienna,isanostensorywithrelicsofAgnes,Maximilianand"n V  Regina[Baueretal.,p.249]."n "n 'nSt. MMAIDANcamefromIonaandfoundedthemonasteryatHolyIsland(Lindisfarne),"n ;;Northumberland,in635.ThewoodenbeamagainstwhichSt. Aidanwasleaningwhenhe"n ??diedhasbeenpreservedthroughtwofiresinthechurchofSt. Aidantothewestof  Bamburgh,"n PPNorthumberland.HisrelicsareinDurham,Co.Durham,andperhapssomewereat"n YYGlastonbury,Somerset.SomewenttoIona,Strathclyde.[Proud,pp.22,25&60.Wade,"n  pp. 90&92.]"n "n 'nSt. QQALBAN(d.293or304)wasaRomansoldiermartyredonthehillabovepresentday"n [St. ^^Alban's.HewasthefirstEnglishmartyr,killedforhelpingapriesttoescape.Hisburial"n placewaslost,butKing Offaof ??Merciarelocateditthroughavision.By793,hisremainshad"n z??beenmovedtothenewAbbeyandhistombisinthepresentSt. Alban'sAbbey,St. Albans,"n ^^Hertfordshire.ThoughbrokenintopiecesattheReformation,thepieceswererediscoveredin"n WW1872whenawallwasdemolishedandareconstructionofthetomb/shrinehasbeenmade,"n fromover2000fragments. ''[Coster,pp.65&68.Vince,pp.56.]"n "n 'nSt. FFALDHELM(c640709),firstBishopofSherbornefrom705,wasburiedat"n RRMalmesburyAbbey(orSt.MichaeltheArchangel,Malmesbury)andhistombbecamea@,*-xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Zxshrine[[MarkChild; Wiltshire ??;ShireCountyGuide5;Shire,(1984),3rded.,1995,p.143;"n _ Vince,pp.67]."n "n V'nThetombofSt. ??ALNE,12C,isinthegliseStDenis,inthesouthernBrussel"n 11(Bruxelles),Brabant,Belgium,suburbofForest[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.161]."n ,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 2x'n##ThewellpreservedbodyofBlessed ALESSIO DI JACOPO STROZZI(1383)isina"n @@crystalurninthelittlechapelunderthestaircasetotheOld StrozziChapelinSantaMaria"n Novella,Florence,Italy[P. Stefano Orlandi,revisedbyP.  IsnardoP. Grossi; Historical"n BBArtisticGuideofSantaMariaNovellaandherMonumentalCloisters  ;EditionS.  Becocci,"n N Florence,1984,p. 28]."n "n ~'n;;ThereisaportionofthewoodenstaircaseunderwhichSt. ALEXISlivedanddiedin"n  ""Sant'Alessio,Rome,Lazio,Italy[BG-Rome ,p.86].St.  Alexius(= Alexis??)hasbeendeleted"n 99fromthelistofSaintsasbeing'completelyfictitious' [Wheen]."n "n +'nSt. ==ALKMUND(774819)waskilledbytheDanes.Hewasburiedat  Lilleshall,"n r__Shropshire,thentranslatedtoDerby,Derbyshire,whereheisthepatronsaint.[Vince,p.7.]"n "n {'nSt.  ALPHEGE(or ??Alphage)(9521012)wasmurderedatGreenwichinthe11C.His"n $$bodywastranslatedtoCanterbury. [Pepin,p. 14.Vince,p.7.]"n "n 'n88Medievallegendsaidthattheintactbodydiscoveredat Rocamadour(or RocAmadour),"n --Lot,France,in1166,wasSt.Zachary(?),or --Zaccheus,husbandofSt.Veronica.Theyhad"n YYtravelledtosomewherenearLimoges,HauteVienne,whereshediedandhethenretiredto"n _ ??Rocamadour.OtherlegendssaiditwasanEgyptianhermit,St. vangliqueorSt.  Sylvain."n ThebodywaslatercalledSt.  AMADORor AMADOUR.Henry IIIofEnglandenjoyeda"n MMmiraculouscurehere.SSDominic,BernardandLouisworshippedhere,asdid  Philippe IVLe"n A Bel, Philip IIVIandLouisXI.ThebodywasburntduringtheWarsofReligion,thoughp,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xQQsupposedlyitdidnotburnandtheProtestantCaptainhadtohackittopieces."n [MGG-Prigord-Quercy  ,p.121. MGG-France  ,p.218.]"n "n 'nOOTheclothedskeletonofSt.AMBROGIO(Ambrose)(d.397)isinthecryptofthe"n !!BasilicaofSt.Ambrogio,Milan, 88Lombardia.ThisBasilicawasbuiltbySt.Augustine."n [Eastman,p. 321.]But FF[Converso,p.74]saystheBasilicawasfoundedbySt.Ambrosein379"n !!andhewasburiedinitin397. ++Conversosaystherelicsareinanurnand [Vincitore,p. 42]"n ))referstothebonesbeinginareliquary."n "n ;'nSt. ,,AMPHIBALUSwasthepriestwhoconvertedSt. Alban,c304.Heandsome"n 888followerswerecaughtandstonedtodeathinafieldat ''Redbourn,Hertfordshire.Inaboutthe"n SQQ12C,theremainsweretranslatedtoaShrineinSt.AlbansAbbey.[Vince,p.7.]"n "n /'nTherelicsofS. ANASTASIAarereputedtobein %%Sant'AnastasiainRome,Lazio,Italy"n [Cuddon(2),p. 48]."n "n B'n[Gauthier,p.5861]saysSt. 55ANASTASIUSthePersianwasthrottledandbeheadedin"n \\628andhisremainsweredividedbetweenRomeandConstantinople,butthatareliquarywith"n RRhisskullisintheCathedralofAachen,NordrheinWestfalen,Germany.AnAachen"n guidebooksaysthe KKAnastasiusReliquaryisfromAntioch,c1000,andisintheTreasuryofthe"n <  Cathedral."n "n "'nBeato  ANDREADI ))SCOZIA(8C)foundedthemonastery?atS.  Martinoa  Mensola,in"n thehamletof Mensola,near @@Settignano,ontheoutskirtsofFlorence,andhistombisthere."n "n -'nSt.ANDREW LLwascrucifiedandinitiallyburiedatPatras,Greece,inc64.Hisremains"n DDwereremovedtoConstantinopleandhisrelicswerewidelydispersed."n ;'nVVSt.Andrew'sheadwasinanelaborateshrineinAmalfi,Campania,butwasreturnedtop@,*=8xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n lxPatras,GreecebyPaul EEVIin1964.[Curd,p.39.Young,p.159says1965.]Anotherguide"n 99saysAmalfihadthebodyofSt.Andrewabitafter1964? [ENIT,p.23]. [deJongh(2),p.294]"n ''justsayssomerelicswenttoAmalfi. ))Lyall[p.186]saystherewererelicsin Pienza,Toscana,"n N__andthatthebodyhadbeeninPatras,butthatPatrasexchangedittotheTsarforanewwater"n Usupply.The IIBGsaystheheadwasinSt.Peter's,Rome,havingbeenpresentedtoPius IIby"n Thomas MMPaliaologosin1462.Thisagreeswith[Runciman-4,p.182],whosaysThomas"n  __Palaelogusfledwiththehead,whichhadbeenatPatras,andpresentedittothePopeinMarch"n \1460,andthisagreeswith ..[deJongh(2),p.294].[Young,p.159]says Paleologusswapped"n DaatheheadforaPapalpensioninc1463.ItwasreturnedtoPatrasafter1964sincethereturnis@p,*uP xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x))notmentionedinthe1964editionofthe BG[BG-Rome  ,p.261]. [deJongh(2),p.294],"n HHwritingin1972,hasafootnotethattheheadisnowbackinPatras,in AyiosAndreas,butwill"n EEsoonberemovedtotheadjacentCathedral,nownearingcompletion.[MGGItaly(1995) ,"n M]]p. 45]saysAmalfihasthoserelicswhichhadbeentransferredfromPatrastoConstantinople"n ETTfromwhencetheywenttoAmalfiin1206.[Hole,pp.174175]saystheremainswere"n removedtoAmalfiin1210."n 'nUU[Vince,pp.78]saysthestoryofhisbeingcrucifiedonanXshapedcrossseemsto"n  havestartedintheMiddleAges."n 'n55PartoftheforeheadisinthechurchofSt.Andrew, Karyes,Mt.Athos,Greece [de"n Jongh,p.263]."n 1'nLLRelicsofSt.Andrew,saidtoexudeadelicioussmell,areintheChurchof Ayios"n  StephanosintheMonasteryof  Kastamonitou,Mt.Athos,Greece [deJongh,p.298]."n 'nVVRelicsofAndrewareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselveTreasury,"n OOQuercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n 'n11AshoulderbladewaspresentedbyPopeJohnPaul ''IItoSt.Mary'sCatholicCathedralin"n =Edinburgh[Welfare& Fairley,p.119].See ##Varlaamforanothershoulderblade."n 'n<>[deJongh,p.171].SeeEdinburghforanothershoulderblade."n <'nFFTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithrelicsofSS.Andrew, Britius,Mary"n z ofEgypt, 00MaximusandStephen[Baueretal.,pp.249250]."n 'nSSIntheSchatzkammer,Vienna,isareliquarywithaThornandrelicsofSS.Andrew,"n Eustace,Georgeand KKStephanandanotherreliquarywithapieceoftheShroudandrelicsofthe"n --samefoursaints[Baueretal.,pp.305306].p,*P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nWWTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsofalltwelveApostles:Andrew,"n gKKBartholomew,James,JamestheLess,John,Judas,Matthew(twice??),Peter, Philip,Simon,"n GGThomas,withJohntheBaptistandSt.Paul[Baueretal.,pp.330331]."n "n 'n **BretonlegendassertsthatSt.ANNEwasa ''Bretonofroyalbloodwhowastakento"n ]]Nazarethbyangelstoprotectherfromherbrutalhusband.AftergivingbirthtotheVirgin"n __Mary,shewasreturnedtoBrittanyandlivedoutherlifethere.Jesusvisitedherandcalled"n forththespringof ##SainteAnnelaPalud,Finistre.[ MGGBrittany ,pp.27&146.]"n L'nWWSt.Anneappearedtoaploughmanin1623,tellinghimtorebuildachapel.In1625or"n "aa1623,hefoundastatueofher.Thiswasburntin1796,butafragmentispreservedinthelate"n 19Cbasilicaat NNSte.Anned'Auray,Morbihan.ThetreasurycontainsarelicofAnnepresented"n b??byAnneofAustriainthanksforthebirthofthefutureLouis XIV.Theploughman'shouse,"n ))wherehesawhisvision,ispreserved.[ MGGBrittany ,p. 233.Ward,pp.299300.]"n J'nTherearerelicsofSS.Anne, 66TrophimeandUrsula,amongmanyothers,intheChapel"n $$ofSt.AnneintheCathedralofSt. ""Trophime,Arles,BouchesduRhne."n 'nTTTheheadofSt.AnnewassentfromConstantinopletoChartres,EureetLoir,bythe"n X Comte ""deBloisin1204[Dunlop,p.120]."n 'nSSTheskullofSt.AnneisintheCathedralofBologna,EmiliaRomagna,presentedby"n Henry VIofEnglandin1435[BG-NI 88,p.380].Itisnotclearifthesearethesamehead??"n 'n11AnarmofSt.AnneisintheCathedralofGenoa( ''Genova),Liguria.Itwasbroughtfrom"n Istanbulin1461.[BG-NI  ,p.97.]"n R'nQQTheleftfootofSt.AnneisinSt.Anne's,anoutpostoftheMonasteryofGrand Lavra,p0,* 0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xMt.Athos,Greece [deJongh,p.282]."n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n  SantaMaria, Roncesvalles, 88Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofAnne[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130-133]."n i'n..ThereisareliquaryofSt.AnneintheMuse ##deCluny,Paris[Hare (2),p.378]."n \'n!!TheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasan 00armboneofSt.Anne.However,a1350inventory"n "eesaysitwaskeptintheImperialCrossreliquaryandthepresentpieceistoolargetofit,soitis"n aabelievedtherewasanother,smaller,piece.[Baueretal.,pp.180181.]Anotherreliquaryhad"n m__nowlostrelicsofAnne[Baueretal.,p.258]whileanotherhasapieceofherrobe[Baueret"n   al.,p.280]."n x'nSSTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsof:Anne;AnthonyofPadua;"n  Donatus;FrancisXavier;John //Nepomukthesebeingthepatronsaintsofthe  Habsburgs"n LL[Baueretal.,pp.331332].Thereisanotherrelic[Baueretal.,p.337]."n "n 'nWWSt.ANSELM(c10331109),knownforhisfallaciousontological'proof'oftheexistence"n T11ofGod,wasArchbishopofCanterburyfrom1093. ++[Coster(2),p.121]saysheoriginatedin"n  ]]AostaandcameoverwiththeNormans.Canonisedinthe18C.ThereisaSt.Anselm'schapel"n ``attheSEcorneroftheCathedral.Heisburiedbehindthealtarofthischapelandthereisa"n sUUmemorialwindowtohim.ThereisaSt.Anselm'sTowertotheSEoftheCathedral.[Blue"n Guide .Vince,p.8.]"n "n 'nSSAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesrelicsofSt."n ((ANTHONY(which??)[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n V'nAAThehandofSt.AnthonywasinLucca,Tuscany[Gauthier,p.102]."n "n &'nKKThebonesofSt.ANTHONYofEgypt(251356(?))werediscoveredin561and0,*xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Bx enshrinedat Vienne,Isre[Charles EarleFunkandCharles EarleFunkJr.;Horsefeathers&"n OtherCuriousWords "";Harper&Row,NY,1958,p.110]."n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n  SantaMaria, Roncesvalles, ;;Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofAnthonytheHermit"n  [Gauthier,pp. 130-133]."n "n -'nSt.ANTHONY(or &&Antony)ofPadua(11951231)wasborn FernandMartins de"n B ..BulhominLisbon,Portugal,whereachurchof Santo Antniostandsonthesite"n I[ MGG-Portugal ,p.92.].Hejoinedthe 22FranciscansandbecameFriarAnthonyin1220.He"n ]00settledatPadua,Veneto,in1230?anddied(at ..Arcella?)whiletravellingbacktoPadua.He"n ^^wascanonisedon30May1232,lessthanayearafterhisdeath.HewasburiedinSantaMaria"n  Mater RRDomini,butworkbeganin1232onanewbasilicatohousethebody.S.MariawasP,*u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xFFdemolishedin1263andthebodywastranslatedtothenewchurch.S. Bonaventurawas"n [[presentandrelatesthatthetonguewasmiraculouslypreservedfromcorruption.[Foligno,"n  p. 185188.]"n 'n VVPetrarchwitnessedthetranslationofthesaint'sbodytoanewshrineinS.Antonio,"n !!Padua,in1349[Foligno,p.119]."n 'n>>[Foligno,p.198]describesthefollowingintheCappelladel TesorointheBasilicaofSt."n ^^Anthony,Padua:thetongueandchinofSt.Anthony;apieceoftheTrueCross;somethorns"n h\\fromtheCrownofThorns;astonefromGethsemane;therelicsoftheApostles(nofurther"n ?specificationgiven!). EE[Buckley&Robinson,p.288]mentiononlythetongueandchinofSt."n a Anthony."n 'n;;ThetombofSt.AnthonyofPadua,intheBasilicaatPadua (Padova),wasopenedin"n f\\1981.Theskeletonwascompleteexceptfortheleftforearmandhand,whichareincaskets"n ZZelsewhere,togetherwithhistongueandchin.ThemanyotherbonesinFrance&Italyare"n &??forgeries.[GeorgeArmstrong;BonesofSt.Anthonyuncovered; TheGuardian (31Jan1981)"n MFF??].Hisrobeandhisropegirdlewereidentified[Gauthier,p.180]."n 'n++"AsetofbeadsmadefromthebonesofSt. AntonyofPadua"wasatDon  Saltero's"n ''CoffeeHouseandMuseum,London,c1720 [PhilippaBernard;ChelseaAVisitor'sGuide ;"n ))ChelseaRareBooks,London,1983,p.17]."n x'nSSTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsof:Anne;AnthonyofPadua;"n  Donatus;FrancisXavier;John //Nepomukthesebeingthepatronsaintsofthe  Habsburgs"n [Baueretal.,pp.331332]."n "n p'n TTSant'ANTIOCOisthepatronsaintofSardinia(Sardegna).Thechurchinthetownof"n  SSSant'Antioco,Sardinia,issupposedtobeoverthecatacombswherehewasburied. [BGP,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n  xSouthernItaly  ,p. 288.]"n "n 'nS. ANTOLINwasa ??Visigothicsaintwhoserelicswereenshrinedina7Cchapelin"n Z Palencia,Castileand GGLen,Spain.ItwasforgottenduringtheMoorishoccupationanduntil"n UKing WWSanchotheGreatofNavarrecameacrossitwhilehuntingwildboar.Hebuiltachapel"n AAoveritin1034andthisisthecryptofthemoderncathedral.[ MGG-Spain  ,p.167.]"n "n 'n>>TheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithrelicsofSS. APOLLINAIREand"n !!Sebastian[Baueretal.,p.263]."n "n 'nThereisareliquaryofSt. &&APOLLONIAattheAbbeyofSt.Maurice  d'Agaune, Valais,"n ``Switzerland.Itcontainedabitofskullandthreeteethinthelate16C,andtwoteethinthe"n  17C.[Gauthier,pp.123&126]."n 'nTheteethofSt. CCApolloniawereremediesforthetoothacheand"werebyafortunate"n 0IIdispensationalmostasnumerousasthecomplaint...wascommon."Henry VIwasdisgusted"n uVVatthissuperstitionandorderedalltheteethtobegiveninatonwascollected!  [Headlam,"n  pp.126127.]"n "n 'nThesarcophagusofS. !!AQUILINUSisinthechapelofS.  AquilinusintheBasilicaofS."n @LorenzoMaggiore,Milan,  Lombardia [Converso,pp.4041]."n "n 'nThe 88PievediSantaMaria,Arezzo,ToscanahasrelicsofSS.  ASTERIO,  Ermenio,"n j  Giusto, Ranieri,'andothers'."n "n 'nSSTherelicsofSt.ATHANASIUS,the1CdiscipleofSt.JamestheGreater,areinthe"n ZZcryptoftheCathedralofSantiagodeCompostela,Galicia,Spain,alongwiththoseofSt."n **Jamesandanotherdisciple,St.Theodore[ MGG-Spain  ,p. 202]."n "n G'nTherelicsofSt. ;;ATHANASIUS,a4CPatriarchofAlexandria,werereturnedto@,*-xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x Patriarch  Shenouda JJIII,headoftheCopticChurch,in1973[Anon;Copticchurchheadarrives"n inRomefortalkswithPope;IHT ;;(5/6May1973)].TherewasatoothinWestminsterAbbey,"n &&London[Ash].ThisispresumablySt. 33AthanasiustheGreat(c296373),whowroteagainst"n  YYArianism.Hisright,writing,handispreservedinacasketintheSchatzkammer,Vienna"n [Baueretal.,pp. 285286]."n @,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ox'nSt. MMATHANASIUS,the9C(?)founderofMt.Athos,isentombedintheChapelofthe"n ##FortyMartyrsintheChurchofthe ##KoimesisinhisMonasteryofGrand Lavra,Mt.Athos.He"n %00wasworkingonthedomewhenhefellanddied. [deJongh,p.279.]"n "n E'n DDCanuteoncecommissionedhisRomanagenttobuySt.AUGUSTINE'sarm  [D'Israeli,"n p.90]."n 1'nXXOntheruinedwalloftheChurchofSt.Pancras,nearthemonasteryofSt.Augustineat"n \\Canterbury,therearehoofmarkssaidtohavebeenmadebytheDevilwhenhewasdrivenout"n 77ofthechapelbytheMassreadbySt.Augustine[T.B. Hyslop; TheGreat  Abnormals ; Philip"n   Allan&Co.,London,1925,p. xviii]."n 'nThereisaCrossat DDEbbsfleet,Kent,markingtheplacewhereAugustinelandedandaSt."n '==Augustine'sWellonanearbygolfcourse[EnglishHeritage; Pepin,p.10]."n "n 'nUUTherearerelicsofSt.AUGUSTINE(ofHippo?)intheCathedralofDubrovnik,Croatia"n [Cuddon(2),p.129]."n 'nThereliquaryofSan $$Galgano,belongingtothechurchof Frosini,Umbria,nowonloan"n ,]]totheOperadelDuomo,Orvieto,Umbria,containsrelicsofSt.Augustine[Gauthier,pp.169"n &172]."n "n 'nWWInc1137,HenryofBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alargecrossreliquary"n HHcontainingmanyrelics,includingsomeofSt.BACCHUS[Gauthier,p.56]."n 'n++TheRomanesquesarcophagus,of1179,ofSS SergiusandBacchusisinthe"n O %%CastelvecchioMuseum,Verona,Veneto [Zuffi,p.40]."n "n 'n11TherelicsofS.BARBARAareintheCathedralof Ravello,Campania"n 9 [MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 190]."n "n 'nThetombofSt.BARNABASisat Ayios(=Saint) &&Varanavas,nearSalamis,Cyprus.Its@,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x<'n++St.BEDE(676?(or673)735)wasbornat $$Monkton,nearDURHAM,Co.Durham(I"n !ZZcan'tlocatethis)[Timbs(2),p.113].HecametothemonasteryandchurchofSt.Paul,"n  ``Jarrow,Tyne&Wear,in685andremaineduntilhisdeath.Hewasthefirstprosewriterinthe"n ``vernacular.Thechurchsurvivesandcontainsachairsaidtohavebeenhis,thoughithasbeen"n bbdatedtothe14C.Othersourcessaythechurch(orchapel)partlysurvivesasthechancelofthe"n k[[presentchurch.HewasburiedinJarrow,butthebodywastranslatedtoDurhamCathedral,"n K]]c1022,andplacedbytheremainsofSt.Cuthbert,butmovedtoaseparatetomb/shrineinthe``,*@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x^^GalileePorchoftheCathedralin1370.ThisshrinewasdestroyedintheReformationandthe"n qYYboneswerereburiedonthesite.Thetombwasopenedin1831andsomebonesandaniron"n XXfingerringwerefound.TheringisnowintheCathedralmuseum,but[DurhamCathedral"n Museum;<>p. 133withphotoonp.134.PictureinProud,p.42.C. J.   Stranks;AWalkaroundDurham"n  Cathedral OO;TheCathedral,nd[1970s?].]Thereisa1973memorialwindowintheGalilee"n ==Porch.Veneratedalreadyinthe9C,canonisedin1899.St. ""Cuthbert'sCollege,Durham,hada"n bbpieceoffingerorribofSt.BedeintheirOratoryoftheHolyFamily.In1979,thiswashalved"n ^ZZwithanewSt.Bede'sChurchinLaCanada,nearLosAngeles.[DennisBarker;Sharingout"n thebarebonesofasaint; TheGuardian 33(16 Oct 1979)??.RussellChandler;St.Bedehas"n bone-splittingoperation;IHT 88(17 Oct 1979).]ThereisnowaBede'sWorldMuseumin"n  Jarrow."n 'nUU[Proud,pp.5657.Wade,p.76.Timpson,p.147withpictureofthechair.Vince,"n M  pp. 910.]"n "n 'nThereisareliquaryofSt. ;;BEGGA,Charlemagne'sgreatgreatgreatgrandmother,inthe"n v Collgiale !!SteBegge,whichshefounded,in Andenne,Namur,Belgium"n [MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg  ,p.253]."n "n 'nSt.BENEDETTO ??MANASSERI(1589)wasthesonofanAfricanslavewhoworked"n >YYasamenialinamonasteryinSicily,butwasveneratedforhisholinessandhishealing`,*xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xabilities.Elected LLcoprotectorofPalermoin1652.Canonisedin1807.Hisbodyispreserved"n LLinachurchinPalermo.Inrecentyears,hisculthasbeenrevived.[John Hooper;Palermo"n awakestoitsblacksaint; TheGuardian (2Mar1998)12.["n "n 'n St.BENEDICTandhissisterSt. ,,SCHOLASTICAwereburiedatthemonasteryof"n *\\MonteCassino,Lazio,Italy.Whenthemonasterywasdestroyedbythebarbariansinthe7C,"n GGtheremainswerefoundandtransferredin675toanabbeysoonrenamed St.-Benot-sur-Loire,"n JnearOrleans, CCLoiret.ThecentralpillaroftheBasilicacontainshisrelics.[ MGG-Loire ,pp."n ^82-83. MGGFrance EE,p.230.]WestminsterAbbey,London,hadthehead[Ash].Benedict"n ~wasahermitat MMSubiaco,Lazio,forthreeyears,wherethecaveispartoftheMonasteryand ,*u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n *xRRthereisanadjacentrosegardenwhereheoncethrewhimselftoresisttemptation"n R [MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 220]"n "n 'n  BERNADETTE EESoubirousofLourdes(18441879)beganhavinghervisionsofMaryin"n ]]acavenearthetownin1858.MarytoldBernadettethatshewastheImmaculateConception."n /==ThevisionsconvenientlyoccurredjustfouryearsafterPius  IXhadpromulgatedtheDoctrine"n 211oftheImmaculateConceptionofMaryinhisBull  Ineffabilis Deus ,sohedeclaredthevisions"n ZZauthenticin1862.Bernadettesoonretiredtoaconvent.Heruncorruptedbodyisatthe"n ConventofSt.  Gildard, Nevers,Nivre[Welfare& Fairley,pp.99100].[ MGGFrance ,"n n]]p. 171]saysitwasexhumedthreetimestoconfirmthisfactandisdisplayedintheConvent"n  ##Chapel.Shewascanonizedin1933."n %'nVVOver6000peopleclaimtohavebeencuredbyvisitingLourdes,thoughseveralmillion"n H^^peoplevisititeachyear(5.5millionin1992).Amedicalbureauwassetuptoexaminesuch"n XXclaimsin1882andhascarefullyreviewed2000ofthesecases.Only65caseshavebeen"n wZZdeemedmiraculous.Thelasttwowerecancercuresoccurringin1963and1976.Afurther"n $$casewasbeingconsideredin1993. [Youngson,pp.288290.]"n "n 'nQQRelicsofSt.BERNARDareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselve"n YYTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n "n 7'nS. &&BERNARDINO(1444)ofSienadiedin  L'Aquila, Abruzzo,andhismausoleumis"n inthebasilicanamedforhim[MGGItaly(1995) //,p.54.]TherearetworelicsinSantaMaria"n  delle ??Grazie,Arezzo,Toscana,probablyintheS.BernardinoChapel[ArezzoACityGuide ,"n p.56]. p,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n f'nTheremainsof Beata **BERTAareinthechurchofSantaMariain Cavriglia,Toscana,"n :$$whichshefoundedinthe11C[Laura  Cecinato;  Museidel Valdarno ; Officinedella  Cultura,"n ((Arezzo,nd[obtainedin2001],pp.45]."n "n 'nThereisashrineofSt.  BERTRAMat //Ilam,Staffordshire[Vince,p.57,withphoto]."n "n 'nSt. ))BEUNO'stomb(orshrine)(7C)wasinSt. Beuno'sChapel, Clynnog Fawr,about5m"n QSSsouthofCaernarvon,Gwynedd,Wales,thoughitwasdestroyedbyfirein1856.St. Beuno's"n 3stoneisinthechapel.St. ??Beuno'sWellissouthofthevillage.HewastheuncleofSt."n  Winefred,qv.ThereisaSt. Beuno'sstoneatSt. ))Winefred'swell,supposedlythestoneon"n x%%whichhesatwheninstructingher.[BGWales  ,p.177. ""Beazley&Howell,p.175.Vince,"n p. 10.ChristopherDavid; St ##Winefride'sWellahistory&guide ;nopublishershown,"n P (1971),3rdptg,1990,p.14.]"n "n >'nThetombofSS.  BIAGIOand Giuliana(from1508)isinSS.  Nazaro& Celso,Verona,"n MMVeneto,butthesourcethensaystheyareentombedatanearbyvotivechapel [Zuffi,"n   pp. 67-68]."n "n `'nSt.  BIRINUS(= ??Berin)cametoEnglandin633.Hefoundedachurch,laterhis"n -]]Cathedral,atDorchesteronThames,Oxfordshire.Inthe13C,hisremainsweretranslatedto"n RRWinchester.ThatshrinewasdestroyedintheReformation,butthefragmentswere"n  %%reassembledin1964.[Vince,p.11.]"n "n 'nSt.BLAISE(= Sv. ))Vlaho)(c303(orc316))wasBishopof  Sebaste(or  Sebastea)in"n x[[Armenia.HisskullandhandofareintheCathedralofOurLadyinDubrovnik,Croatia.A"n WhandofSt.Blaise(orofSt. BBSergius)isintheFranciscanChurchinDubrovnik.Blaiseisthepp,*=xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xddpatronsaintofDubrovnik,sotherearelotsofhisrelicsabout.[Cuddon(2),pp. 125,127,129."n Vince,pp.1113.]"n Q'nVVRelicsofBlaiseareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselveTreasury,"n OOQuercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n i'nRichardF.Mould[Mould'sMedicalAnecdotes ;Adam Hilger,1984,p.97]showsa"n ^caricatureatthe WellcomeInstituteLibrary: 'Les  Reliques ##Authentiques'ofSt.Blaise.This"n >showsheadsat ''Orbitello,Montpellier,NaplesandSt. %%MaximeninProvence.Therearearms"n 11atRome,Marseilles,NotreDameinParis,Milan,  Capoue(=  Capua??)and BasseFontaine,asp,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n -xMMwellasabodyatS.MarcelinRome.ThereareotherfragmentsinBrindisi, Malines,Lisbon,"n  Ragusa,VolterraandAntwerpen."n %'nGGThereisanarmreliquaryofSt.BlaiseintheMedievalArtCollection  (Abteilung"n   mittelalter WWKunst)intheducalcastleofBraunschweig.Heispatronsaintofthelocalcathedral"n mandwasprotectorofthe  Guelphs.[ MGGGermany  ,p.91.]"n "n  'nSt. BLINEsee:St. Monenna."n "n >'n**Inthe8C,anEnglishmissionary,bornin Crediton,Devon,andnamed  Wynfrid,"n  anointed 88PepintheShortaskingin751.Hechangedhisnameto BONIFACE.In754,hewas"n onamissionto 33Frieslandwhenheand52companionswerekilledat Dokkum,Friesland,"n IINetherlands.HeisburiedinamonasteryhefoundedortheCathedralat Fulda,Hessen,"n 44Germany.ThetombisinthecryptoftheCathedral  (Dom).The Dommuseumhasahead"n reliquaryandhissword.[ MGGGermany ,p. 139.Peter  Stanier;Devon ;ShireCountyGuide"n --27,Shire,Aylesbury,1989,p.77.][J.van Rhyn;HollandAPocketGuide ;J.M."n ] ==Meulenhoff,Amsterdam,nd[c1954],p.72]saysthechurchin Dokkumhassomerelics,but"n N[MGGNetherlands %%,p.102]makesnomentionofanyin Dokkum."n ^'nGGHowever,theguideleaflettoTheChurchofOurLady,Brugge(Bruges),"n X^^West-Vlaanderen,Belgium,saysitwasbuiltinthe14CtocontaintherelicsofSt.Boniface,"n QQandthattherelics'ofthegreatapostleofGermany'areinmiddleofthechoir."n t'nQQTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithrelicsofSS.MaryMagdaleneand"n  __Boniface[Baueretal.,p.263]andavasewhichoncecontainedhispulverisedblood[Baueret"n   al.,p.276].@,* P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 6x'n%%RelicsweredonatedbytheBishopof 11FuldatotheCatholicChurchinCreditonandare"n YYondisplaythere.Someboneswerediscoveredinthelate19Cinawallofthechurchat"n  EEBrixworth,Northumberland.[Vince,p.13.][Gould,p.13]saysthe Brixworthrelicwasa"n YYbone,ina14Creliquary,thoughttobethelarynxofBoniface.whosefeastdayhasbeen"n Z ##celebratedtheresincethemid13C."n t'n**TheclothedskeletonsofSt.JustandSt. ))BONIFACE(probablynottheoneabove??)"n  areinthechurchofSt.Thomas (sv. Tom), Letensk,near  Malostransk nme st, Mal"n  &&Strana,Prague[Humphreys,pp.7980]."n "n 'n22St.BOTOLPHwasanabbotwhobuiltamonasteryat IcanhoinEastAngliainabout"n ^^634.Hediedandwasburiedthere.Thebodywasremovedin970anddistributedasrelicsto"n themonasteryat FFThorneyandtotheKing'sreliccollection.However,thelocationof  Icanhois"n ))notknown.Perhapsthebestclaimantis 88Hadstock,Essex,whichiscitedastherestingplaceof"n +__Botolphin1144.ThechurchofSt.Botolphthereiscertainlyancient,withsomebitsthought"n tobe YYpreDanish.Asubstantial,butempty,gravewasdiscoveredinthesouthtranseptduring"n ^^excavationsinthe1970s.Thishadheldacoffinwhichhadbeenremoved,sothisseemstobe"n ^^themostlikelysite.St.Botolphlaterbecameapatronoftravellerswhichaccountsforthe"n 00manychurchesdedicatedtohimatcitygates.[St.Botolph'sChurch HadstockAShort"n /HistoryandGuide ;2000.Warwick  Rodwell;Under HadstockChurch ;1974.]"n "n #'nSt. BRECANisburiedinSt. Brecan'sChurch,on  Inishmore (Arainn),thelargestofthe"n  ##AranIslands,Co.Galway,Ireland[ MGGIreland  ,p.40].@p,*mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n :'n22St.BRENDAN(theNavigator)(483578)wasbornin ""Fenit,inthenorthofCo.Kerry,"n  Ireland[ BG-Ireland FF,p.205].Hebeganhisvoyagefromtheinletatthewestendofthe"n  00DinglePeninsula,Co.Kerry,atthefootofMt. Brandon,namedforhim[ MGG-Ireland ,"n p. 81]."n "n c'nThetombofS. BRIACisinthechurchof Bourbiac,Ctesd'Armor[ MGGBrittany ,"n p. 126]."n "n 'n St.BRIDGET (= 77BrigidorBride)(525)issaidtohavebeenbornat Faughartnear"n  Dundalk,Co.Louth,Ireland[ BG-Ireland 44,p. 293].ShefoundedthefirstIrishconvent,at"n 4&&Kildare.ItisclaimedthatPatrick,  Brigidand ((Columbaareburiedinthesamegravein"n  XXDownpatrick,Co.Down,whereitismarkedbyastoneslabtothesouthofthecathedral"n [ MGG-Ireland //,p. 212].ThereisashoeofSt.BRIDGET(or Brigid)intheNationalMuseumpP,*xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xinDublin,Co.Dublin,[ GiantBION 55].ThereisashrineandwellneartheCathedralin"n LKildare,Co.Kildare[ MGG-Ireland ,p.126].[Vince,p.14.]"n "n 'nFFTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithrelicsofSS.Andrew,  BRITIUS,"n MaryofEgypt, 00MaximusandStephen[Baueretal.,pp.249250]."n "n A'n%%ThecaveofS.BRUNO(1101)isat SerraSanBruno,Calabria[MGG-Italy (1995) ,"n p. 78]."n "n 'nAstonebedandpillowofSt. CADOareinthe  Chapelle St.Cado,near  Hennebont,"n 5  Morbihan[ MGGBrittany  ,p.128]."n "n 'n44TheCathedralofOrvieto,Umbria,hasrelicsofSS.  CALLISTO, Degna,  Fortunato,"n   Jacoponeda  Todiand Romana."n "n 'nTherelicsofSt. AACALLISTUS,BishopofRomein217222,weretransportedtoRheims"n f (=Reims, 22Marne)wheretheremaybesomeconfusionwithSt. Sixtus,qv[Gauthier,p.130]."n "n 'nTTThereisareliquaryofSt.CANDIDintheTreasuryoftheAbbeyofSt.Maurice,St."n Maurice,Switzerland[MGGSwitzerland  ,p.156]."n "n 0'nThetomborshrineofSt.  CANDIDA(= Witaor Witein  Saxon)isinthenorthtransept"n ofSt.  Candidain  Whitchurch 99Canonicorum,Dorset.Nothingisknownofher.[Treves,"n pp. 279-281.Vince,p.59.]"n "n 'nThebodyofBeatoPIETRO 88CAPUCCIhasbeenpreservedsince1445beneaththealtar"n ofthechurchofS.Domenico, Cortona,Toscana [Setteposte& Belardi,p.8]."n "n )'n S.CARLO EEBORROMEO(15381584),ArchbishopofMilan,wastheleadingfigurein"n NNtheCounterreformation.HisremainsareintheCathedraltreasuryofMilan,  Lombardia"n ][MGG-Italy (1995) ,p. 140].But ::[Converso,pp.1213]describesandshowshisrelicsinaP,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x ))'Scurolo'(darkcrypt)underthealtar. 66[Vincitore,pp.6&8]describesandshowsitas'the"n ``body...containedinarockcrystalshrineencasedinsilver.'Thereisarelicofhiminthe"n 33Schatzkammer,Vienna.[Baueretal.,pp. 315-316.]"n "n ['nHHThereisaheadofSt.CATHERINE(ofAlexandria??)intheCathedralof Sv. Marija,"n x  ##Rab,Croatia[Cuddon(2),p.28]."n 'nVVTheskullandahandofSt.CatherineareatSt.Catherine'sMonasteryintheSinai."n AngelscarriedhertoMt. @@Katherina,thehighestpeakintheSinai,afterhermartyrdom."n __[Forsyth,p.96.]TheMonastery,foundedinthe6C,wasoriginallydedicatedtoMary,butthe"n L]]bodyoftheSaintwaslaterdiscoveredontopofthemountainandtakenintotheMonastery."n FZZThehollowwhereherbodylayfor300yearswasoncevisibleandsomecouldseethemarks"n ]]madebytheangelswhosatguardingthebody.[Gascoigne.][RobertsCrolly,V22]saysthe"n WWrelicsweretransportedbyangelstothesummitandthenbroughtdowntotheMonastery"n  (= Convent)."n V'n&&SomehairofSt.Catherinewasinthe ''GrandmontTreasury,HauteVienne,then"n 3distributedtothechurchof ??Milhaguetin1792whichdepositeditintheMuseumatLimoges,"n JJHauteVienne,fromwhichitwasstolenin1980[Gauthier,pp.37&5657]."n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n XXSantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofCatherine[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130133]."n \'nOORelicsofCatherineareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselve"n YYTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n I'nUUTheBenedictineAbbeyoftheHolyTrinityinRouenhadrelicsofSt.Catherinewhich,*Xxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n lxWWweresopopularthattheAbbeywasgenerallycalledafterher[LaurenceEdmundMorris;A"n HistoryofRuislip CC;RuislipNorthwood&EastcoteLocalHistorySociety,1980,p.14]."n "n 'n??ThecultofSt.CatherineofAlexandriawassuppressedin1969."n p,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nGGThebodyofS.CATHERINEofSiena(13471380)isenshrinedatS.Maria sopra"n @ WWMinerva,Rome,Lazio,Italy,buttheheadwasreturnedtoherbirthhouseinViaSanta"n U Caterina,Siena,Toscana [Williams,p. 63].However,[MGG-Italy (1995) ,p. 218]saysthe"n bbheadisinatabernacleintheChapelofSt.CatherineintheBasilicaofSanDomenicoinSiena."n LLThehouseincludestheCrucifixinfrontofwhichshereceivedtheStigmata"n %[MGG-Italy (1995) KK,p. 218].ThereisafootofhersinSS GiovanniePaolo,Venice,Veneto"n  (([Buckley&Robinson,p.159].[Lucinda  Lambton;$$TemplesofConvenienceandChambers"n 7 ofDelight SS;Pavilion,London,1995,p.8]relatesthatsheneverwashedandshesucceededin"n y00avoidingrelievingherselfformonthsatatime!"n "n #'n00St.CAVANisburiednearSt.Cavan'sChurch,on  Inisheer (Inis Or), AranIslands,Co."n Galway,Ireland[ MGGIreland  ,p.42]."n "n 'nTTThebodyofSt.CECILIAisinS.CeciliainTrastvere,Rome,Lazio,Italy.Itwas"n Dbroughtherein820.[BG-Rome  ,p.231.]"n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n jVVSantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofCecilia[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130-133]."n 0'nWWRelicsofCeciliaareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselveTreasury,"n OOQuercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n Z'n!!AjointofS.Ceciliawasatthe MinsterofWimborne !!Minster,Dorset[Treves,p.116]."n "n 'nLegendsaysSt. BBCENNYDDwastheillegitimatesonofacoupleatthecourtofKing"n \\Arthur.Theyputhiminabasketandputitouttosea.HelandedontheislandofWorm's"n T[[HeadattheendoftheGowerPeninsula,Wales,wherethebirdsandangelsbroughthimup.p ,* @ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n |x ]]LlangennithChurchisonthesiteofhismonastery.Healsolivedasahermitonthenearby"n  islandof Burry Holms.[Howell& Beazley,p.302.]"n "n 'nThesarcophagusofS. CERBONEisintheCathedralof Massa Marittima,Toscana"n 9 [MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 137]."n "n 'n St.CHAD(or CCCeadd)(672)stooddownasbishopofYorkin667whenadispute"n *^^aroseovertheappointment.HisboneswereatLichfieldCathedral,Staffordshire,fromabout"n [[700untilthedestructionoftheShrineattheDissolution.TheChapelofSt.Chad'sHead"n *aaremainsinthecathedral.ThereisaSt.Chad'schurchinLichfield.In1345,therewasahead"n E(orskull)andan ##armboneinacasket.Accordingto (([MaevKennedy;Scientiststotestbones"n <ofSt.David; TheGuardian DD;(4Jan1997)10],thereisareliquaryofSt.ChadinBirmingham,"n @^^whichwasrecentlyfoundtocontainremainsofthreelegs,duetomixingofseveralbodiesat"n FFsometime.However,[AndrewBrown;Mysteryofsaintwiththreelegs;TheIndependent (15"n XXJun1996)]reportsthatradiocarbondatinghasdistinguishedoneboneassomecenturies"n #aayoungeranddatedtheothersas6/7C,whichisconsistentwithChad'sdateofdeath.Infactit"n 22appearsthatbonesfromthreebodiesweremixed.  [Angelique  Chrisafis;WearyUSvotersturn"n  toSt.Chad; TheGuardian (5Dec2000)7.]"n "n 'nTheheadofSt. --CHARALAMBOSispreservedintheMonasteryof Ayios  Stephanosin"n =the MeteoraregionofGreece [deJongh,p.173]."n "n 'nCHARLEMAGNE(= Karl der 88Grosse)(747814)wascanonizedin1165.Hisbonesare"n _]]preservedinashrinebehindthehighaltarinthecathedralofAachen,NordrheinWestfalen, 0,*M(xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n [x]]Germany,andhisThroneisinthegallery.InthebasementoftheTreasuryisasarcophagus"n e<>saystheyfledfromRometoEngland,andlaterwenttoFrance (Soissons?),wheretheywere"n martyred[ArthurPercival;##FavershamKentTheOfficialGuide ;FavershamTownCouncil,"n nd[1980s?],p.11]."n "n 'n--ThereisachairofSt.Crispinpreservedat **LinlithgowCathedral,Lothian,Scotland."n NNHowever,itismadeofmahogany,aNewWorldwood![Ackermann,p.495.]The"n ..Schatzkammer,Vienna,hasawaxfigureofSt. ((TiburtiusthebasehadrelicsofSt.,  Tiburtius,"n pZZbutthesehavebeenlostanditnowcontainsrelicsofSt.Crispin[Baueretal.,p.254]."n "n X'nSt.  CROHANE(or Kieran)issaidtobefrom ''SaigerinWestCorkandtocomefroma"n W__familywhichwereChristianbeforeSt.PatrickcametoIreland.Heissaidtohavelivedasa,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n +x,,hermitinacaveabovetheruinedchurchat Kilcrohane,totheeastof Caherdaniel,Co.Kerry,"n IIIreland.Thecaveisanoldcoppermineandtheroofbearsthemarksof Crohane'sshoulders."n _ Nearbyis ..Tobarnavila(TheWelloftheSacredTree)and ##Crohaneissaidtobeburiedunder"n ;  thetree. [Sugrue,pp. 8586.]"n "n k'nSt. 99CUCUFAShadhisthroatcutbyDiocletian'smenin304at Sant  Cugatdel Valles,"n ^^Catalonia,Spain,whereachapelwasbuilttohousehisrelicsandthenamonasterydeveloped"n e there[ MGG-Spain  ,p. 202]."n "n 'nTherelicsofSt. DDCUGATareintheCryptofSantaMariadelMar,Barcelona,Catalonia"n [DBS]."n "n G'nSt. QQCUTHBERT'sboneshavetravelledabit.HelivedonLindisfarne(=HolyIsland),"n 100Northumberland,in676684.[JamesLeesMilne;((AGuidetoBritain'sHistoricBuildings"n DPreservedbytheNationalTrust ;;;Batsford,1948,pp.104106]sayswasappointedPriorof"n JJLindisfarnein664andthatafter12years,heretiredtoacellonInner Farneislandfornine"n }''years.ThiscellhadbeenusedbySt. AidanandSt. &&Ethelwald.CuthbertbecameBishopof"n 044Lindisfarnein685fortwoyears.HediedonInner **Farneandwasburiedtherein687.There"n PareruinsofhiscellonInner AAFarne,whichisnowaNationalTrustproperty.[Wade,p.92.]."n }EEIn698hisremainswerefoundtobeuncorrupted.Hissuccessor,St. Edbert,qv,wasburied"n ))besidehim.About870,thebonesofSt. 66Aidan,qv,wereaddedandthecoffinsofCuthbertand"n $ \\Edbertwereremovedin875becauseofathreatfromtheNorsemen.([Wade,p.30]indicates"n Vthattheboneswereat EEElston,Northumberland,c745.)Therewasanattempttotakethemto@,* ` xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n FxRRIreland,butmiraculousweatherpreventedit.From883to995,theboneswereat  Chesterle"n Z^^StreetwherethepresentchurchofSt.Mary&St.Cuthbertisonthesite[Wade,pp.6869]."n ]]Thebonesweremovedagainbecauseofanotherthreat.Howeverthecartrefusedtogointhe"n e\\directionplannedandavisionsaidtogotoDurham,wheretheCathedralwasbuilttohouse"n XXthebones.Itwasmovedtoanewcathedralin1104andCuthbert'sbodywasfoundtobe"n bbperfectlypreserved.Legendassertsthatan11Cclerichadthetaskofcuttingthestillgrowing"n k\\hairandnailsofthebody.DuringtheDissolution,in1537,thetombwasopenedagainand"n ,WWCuthbert'sbodywasfoundtobeperfectlypreserved.Theshrinewasdestroyedbutthe"n [++remainswereburiedunderthefloorofthe  feretoryatthesameplace.(A feretoryisashrine"n bbforrelics,usuallyportable,orthechapelhousingsuchashrine.)In1827,onlyaskeletonwas"n ~]]found,alongwithsomeotherrelics.ThetombofSt.CuthbertisstillinDurhamCathedral,"n #bbbehindthehighaltar,andtheotherrelicsareondisplay.[Proud,pp.4550,withphotoofthe"n Scctombonp.46.][Wade,p.66]liststhefollowingrelics:hispectoralcross,hisportablealtar,"n ZZremainsofthecoffinwhichcarriedhisbodyabout(removedin1827)andfragmentsofhis"n  vestments."n 'n[DurhamCathedral;TreasuresfromDurhamCathedral ;nd [c1980s?],pp.1923]"n |``describesthefollowingrelicsandillustratessomeofthem:thepectoralcross;theportable"n v\\altar;somevestments,theoldestextantexamplesofEnglishembroidery,madeintheearly"n 10CandpresentedbyKing AAthelstanonavisittotheshrineinChesterleStreetin934;"n [[fragmentsofthelate7Ccoffin;andpossiblythecomb.(Thecombisanordinary,double@,*}xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n rx!!sidedcomb,'usedintendingthe  corsaint'. 'Corsaint'derivesfrom corpssaint andmeansthe"n __bodyofthesaint.Possiblythebodywasondisplayandthecombwasusedtotidythehair??"n ``Itisdescribedasbeingpossiblyfromthe11C,soitmighthavebeenplacedinthecoffinwhen"n Nbbitwasclosedup,Itissaidthat'itneednotbealiturgicalcomb',whateverthatmightmean"n >>thereisnospecialisedecclesiasticalmeaningofcombintheOED .Anothersourcesays"Such"n \\combswereusedatceremoniessuchastheCoronationandtheConsecrationofBishops,after"n __theAnointingofthehead"andthatitwasplacedinthetombin1104,butcouldhavebelonged"n toCuthberthimself.)"n q'n[ BGEngland 77,pp.638639,641,651652.DurhamCathedralMuseum; AGuideto"n 11theCollectionsonDisplayinTheMonksDormitory ;1972,pp.23.]"n g'nNNTheclothwhichheusedtocoverthechalicewhenhesaidMasswasoneofthe"n ^^Cathedral'streasuredrelics.In1346,thePriorofDurham,wascommandedinadreamtotake"n aaitoutasabattlebannerinthebattleofNeville'sCross,anditbecamethebattlestandardof"n Durhammenat ))FloddenField,etc.[Hole,pp.144145.]"n 'nMMThe7CGospelofSt.JohnthatCuthbertheldonhisdeathbedispreservedat"n T ==StoneyhurstCollege.HurstGreen,Lancashire[RichardPeace;LancashireCuriosities ;The"n )//DovecotePress,Wimborne,Dorset,1997,p.85].0,*u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n wx'nTTAcrossofSt.Cuthbert,markingasitewherehisremainsrestedwhenbeingremoved"n 33fromtheDanishinvadersatLindisfarne,isbehind ((LowtherGardens,eastofSt.Cuthbert's"n rChurch,  LythamSt. ""Annes,Lancashire[RichardPeace;LancashireCuriosities ;The"n ??DovecotePress,Wimborne,Dorset,1997,pp.9495,withphoto]."n "n 'nIn1442,theheadsofSt. SebaldandSt. &&CYPRIANweredisplayedastheEmperor"n y Frederick ;;IIIenteredNrnberg(=Nuremberg),Bayern,atEaster1442 [Headlam(2),p.51]."n "n 'nSt. HHCYRandhismotheraresaidtohavebeenkilledinAsiaMinorunderthe"n IIpersecutionsofDiocletian.Hisrelicsaresaidtohavebeenbroughtto St.CirqLapopie,"n eLot(?),bySt.  Amadour.[ MGG-Dordogne+  ,p.158.]"n "n 'n<>Catholicon)intheMonasteryofVatopedionMt.Athos,Greece  [deJongh,"n p.272]."n "n #'nSt.DENIS  (Dionysius)andhiscompanions Eleutheriusand Rusticuswerebeheadedat"n ;!!Montmartre(perhapsderivedfrom Mons ++Martyrum),Paris,in285,whereSt.Pierre de"n ``Montmartrestandstoday.Deniscarriedhishead7kmtoSt.Denis,SeineStDenis,inorderto"n \\beburiedinconsecratedground[Culbertson&Randall,p.200;Cronin,pp.244245].When"n ^^apriestenthusedaboutthedistance,aParisianladymadethefamousriposte:"Butthefirst"n YYstepwasthehardest."Deniswashedhisseveredheadwherehisstatuenowstandsinthe"n SSquare BBSuzanneBuisson,abitwestofSacrCurBasilicaonMontmartre[ MGGParis ,p."n aa79].TheRueSt.DenisinParisissaidtofollowtheroutetheSaintwalkedwhilecarryinghis"n GGhead.ItisoneoftheoldeststreetsofParisandsomewhatcrooked Hawthornenotesthatone"n aacouldhardlyexpectaheadlessmantowalkstraight[Hare(2),p.131],thoughitseemsafairly"n [[minorpointcomparedtowalkingatall.Thereare(orwereinc1600)sevenpillarsonthe"n 6>>routetoSt.Denis,markingthepointswherethesaintrested [Okey,pp. 200-201].The"n ZZoriginalgoalofSt.DenismayhavebeenjustupthehillofMontmartre,notthesuburban"n DYYAbbeyofSt.Denistowhichtherelicswereremovedsometimelater[Hare (2),p. 489]. Ste."n s--Genevivebuiltachurchoverhisgravec475  [Branislav  Brankovic;SaintDenis'Basilica ;"n ] Editions du 11Castelet,Boulogne,1990,p.1].Beginningwith  Dagobertin638,almostallthe"n ,KKkingsofFrancehavebeenburiedhere,withtheexceptionsofCharlemagne, PhilippeI,Louis``,*- @ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x VIIandSt.LouisXI."n 7'n JJ[Okey,p.15]notesthatDeniswasinvariablyconfusedwithDionysiusthe  Areopagite,"n ``Paul'sfirstdiscipleinAthens.Inthe5C,therewasathirdSt.Deniswhostyledhimselfthe"n _ !!Areopagiteandhenceisknownas  Denysthe //PseudoAreopagite.Inthe9C,itwasdeclared"n ((thatthesewouldbeconsideredasone!  [Branislav  Brankovic;SaintDenis'Basilica  ;Editions"n h  du  Castelet,Boulogne,1990,p.1.]"n 'nThecryptat25Rue Henri >>Barbusse,Paris,issupposedtobeDenis'scell,wherehewas"n arrested[Cronin,p.184]."n ''nInthe11C,thepriestsofSt.  Ermeranat --Ratisbon(=Regensburg,Bayern)claimedthey"n XOOhadthebodywhichwassaidtohavebeenstolenfromtheabbeyinParisbyone  Gisalbertin"n t\\832andtheyobtainedapapalbullconfirmingthisin1052,buttheFrenchkingandvarious"n aaarchbishopsexposedtherelicsatSt.Denis,inthecoffersinwhichtheyhadbeenplacedinthe"n ((7C,andtheycontinuedtobetreatedasthe relics [Okey,p.56]."n K'nIn1136,Abbot GGSuger,advisertotheKingsandlaterRegentduringtheKing'sabsence"n XXonthe2ndCrusade,beganbuildinganewchurchofSt.DeniswhichwasthefirstGothic"n  &&cathedral,withthefirstrosewindow."n D'nSSTheheadissaidtohavebeenfoundwhentheRevolutionopenedthetombsandseems"n n!!tohavebeentakenbacktoParis [Okey,pp.438439]."n 'n88In1859,restorationworkuncoveredthetombsofDenis, Eleutheriusand Rusticusinthe"n crypt."n 'n,n MISCELLANEOUS,inorderofsite."n 'nKKAlate8CreliquarypurseofDionysiusisintheMuseumofDecorativeArts"n }  (Kunstgewerbemuseum)inBerlin[ MGGGermany  ,p.69]."n a'nUURelicsofDenisareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselveTreasury,`,*mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xOOQuercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n 'nSSAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesrelicsofSt."n  Dionysius[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n h'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin, //Mettlach(Pfalz),whichincludesrelicsofSt."n FFDenis[Gauthier,pp.7071&80].(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n 'nTherewasafingerofSt.  DenysatSt. Denys, %%StanfordintheVale,Oxon.[Marilyn"n f Yurdan;OxfordshireandOxford ::;ShireCountyGuide20;ShirePublications,1988,p.28]."n "n 'nSt. RRDVOTEwasmartyredinCorsicainthe3C.AskiffbearingherbodytoAfricawas"n ZZblowntoFranceandlandedatMonaco.Herrelicswerestoleninthemiddleages,butthe"n LLthievesandtheirshipwerecaptured.Apparentlytheyareinthechurchof StDvoteinLa"n M //Condamine,thecommercialsectionofMonaco.[ MGGRiviera  ,p.108.]"n @,*0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nSt. DISENwasthepatronsaintof 66Bradninch,Devon,buthasturnedouttobeamisprint"n forDenis,qv[Tom !!Bussmann;Zeitgeist:Asaintwho ain't;TheGuardianWeekend (7Dec"n j  1996)3]."n "n 'nSt. %%DOGED,kingandmartyr,isburiedat Llanddoged,near Llanwrst,northWales"n l  eazley&Howell,p.112]."n "n F'nLLThebodyofSt.DOMINICisistheBasilicaofSanDomenico,Bologna,Emilia"n ''Romagna,inafine1267sarcophagusby NicolaPisano, Arnolfo di Cambioandassistants."n (__Butthehead(orskull)isinanothermonstrance,nownearthebody.[Gauthier,pp.178182."n MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 71.]"n "n 8'nSantoDOMINGODELA //CALZADAwasan11Chermitwhobuiltacauseway"n S PP(calzada)onthepilgrimroutetoCompostela.Thishasnowbecomeatown,near  Najera,La"n  GGRioja,SpainandhistombisinthesouthtranseptoftheCathedral.[ MGG-Spain  ,p.159.]"n "n K'nS. OODONATOisthepatronSaintofArezzo,Toscana,andthenameissometimesgiven"n ]as <>ENDAissaidtobeburiedatthemonasteryhefoundedc490on  Inishmore  (Arainn),"n thelargestofthe ##AranIslands,Co.Galway,Ireland[ MGGIreland  ,p.41]."n "n 'nThereisashrineofSt.  ENDELIETA(= //Endellion)(6C),afemaleWelshmissionary,in"n St. Endellionchurch,St. BBEndellion,Cornwall[Vince,p.53].Shewasthedaughterofa6C,*Xxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xVVWelshking.Shewaskilledbyaneighbourontowhoselandhercowhadwandered.She"n K^^askedforherbodytobeputonacartwithyoungcattleattachedandtobeburiedwherethey"n [[stopped,whichiswherethechurchistoday.Herbodyissaidtobeunderthethealtar."n G [ Timpson(2),p.164.]"n p,*0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nTheleftelbowofSt. 55ENGELBERT(murderedin1225)isintheChurchofSt."n 4  Engelbert, **Gevelsberg,NordrheinWestfalen,Germany[BION24  ,p.61]."n "n x'nRelicsofSt. GGERKENWALD,builderofthefirstSt.Paul's,London,wereatSt.Paul's"n .untilatleastthe14C [BernadineBailey;AmericanShrinesinEngland ;A.S.Barnes,South"n \""BrunswickandNewYork&Thomas //Yoseloff,London,1977,p.147;Vince,p.22]."n "n 'nThetombsofSt. UrsmerandSt. ((ERMEareinthecryptoftheCollgiale  StUrsmer,"n  Lobbes,Hainaut,SWof  Charleroi[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.172]."n "n 'nSt. ERMENGOLwasbishopofLa Seude **Urgell,Catalonia,in10101035andheis"n UMMburiedinanimmensesilversarcophagusintheDiocesanMuseum[ManuelPali  Casanovas,"n $Albert Vivesi Mir& Jaume  Tarragoi  Farrera;!!CathedralandDiocesanMuseumof Urgell ;"n  Bisbat  d'Urgell,La Seu d'Urgell,1987,pp.104106]."n "n l'nSt. ::ERMENILDAseemstobeaconfusionwithSt.Matilda(qv)??"n "n 'nThe 88PievediSantaMaria,Arezzo,ToscanahasrelicsofSS.  Asterio,  ERMENIO,"n j  Giusto, Ranieri,'andothers'."n "n 'n  Josemaria  ESCRIVda @@Balaguer(1975)wasthefounderoftheconservativecatholic"n <movement,Opus NNDei,inFranco'sSpain.Hewasbeatifiedin1992,thequickestbeatification"n s[[infivecenturies.Onemiraclewasalreadyreportedin1976andanotherin1992whichwas"n nGGacceptedbythePopein2001.JohnPaulIIisagreatadmirerofOpus Deiandcanonization"n ""tookplaceon6Oct2002,despite ??Escriv'sreportedfriendshipwithFranco.Spanishcriticsof"n 466themovementdescribeitasclericalfascism![Giles ##Tremlett;SplitinVaticanonOpus Dei'sp,*P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n bx miracle; TheObserver AA(21Oct2001)26;StephenBates;PriestlinkedtoFrancotobe"n  canonised; TheGuardian (21Dec2001)15.Giles ''Tremlett;Sainthoodbeckonsforpriest"n +linkedtoFranco; TheGuardian (5Oct2002)17.]"n "n 'nRRSt.ETHELBURGA(647),daughterofKingEthelbertofKent,wasmarriedtoEdwin"n [[ofNorthumbria.Afterhisdeath,shereturnedtoKentandfoundedadoublemonastery,for"n monksandnuns,near HHLyminge,Kent,andwasitsfirstabbess.Hertombbecameashrine,but"n EEthechurchofSt.MaryandSt.Ethelburganolongerhasherrelics. [Pepin,p.12.]"n "n 'nSt. ETHELDREDAwasmarriedto 11Tondbert,whodiedsoonthereafter,thentoKing"n  XXEgfridofNorthumbria,"withwhomshelivedtwelveyearsandyetremainedalwaysapure"n VVandgloriousvirgin",accordingtoBede.FoundedacommunityatELY,Cambridgeshire,"n ^^England,in673whereshewasfirstAbbess.Diedofatumourofthethroatin679andburied"n )^^atEly.In695,themiraculouslyuncorruptedbodywastranslatedintotheSaxonchurch.Her"n  sisters, Sexburga(qv)and Withburga(qv),and Sexburga'sdaughter, Ermenilda(qv),also"n U66royalabbessesandsaints,wereburiednearby,butcf ((Withburga.Translatedintothepresent"n M[[cathedralin1106andrelocatedin1252whenpartofthechurchwasrebuilttoaccommodate"n !__thecrowdsofpilgrims.ShrinesdestroyedintheReformation,butapanelof15Cpaintingsat"n ZZtheSocietyofAntiquaries,London,isbelievedtocomefromatriptychoverthealtarof"n  //Etheldreda'sshrine.[Gauthier,p.90.M.S. Carey; ElyCathedral ;Pitkin,1973.]"n "n 'nRelicsofSt. CCEUGENIAareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselve,*(xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xYYTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n "n n'nS.  EULALIA(or >>Eullia)(303),virginmartyredbytheRomans,wasbornin"n aaBarcelona,Catalonia,Spain,andispatronofthecity.ShewasburiedinaChristiangraveyard"n p\\neartheseaandachurchwaserectedonthespot,laterknownasSantaMariadelMar.Her"n ]]bodywasburiedsomewhereinthewallstoprotectitfromdesecrationwhentheArabsinvaded"n aain713.Thiswassoeffectivethatnoonecouldfindthebodyagainuntil878.Therelicswere"n ==thenina4Csarcophagus,nowintheArcheologicalMuseumon Montjuic.In1339,therelics"n weremovedtoa14C BBPisansarcophagusinthecryptoftheCathedralofS.Eulalia(La Seu)in"n  thecity.[ MGG-Spain !!,p.61.Brown,p.59.Alberto Taul Vias;Santa MaradelMar"n PastandPresent ;TranslatedbyNeil ##Cowley;TheChurch,1998,pp.34.] ,*0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nWWTherelicsofadifferentS.EULALIA,patronsaintofAsturias,areinachapelinthe"n o Cathedralin Oviedo,Asturias,Spain[ MGG-Spain  ,p.165]."n 'nThereareninebreastsofS. 44EULALIA[Beliefinmiraclesrevivedunderscrutiny;China"n Daily (25Mar1989)??]."n "n 'nTherelicsofSt. ==EUPHEMIAwerethrownintotheseabyLeotheIconoclast,but"n reappearedontheislandof //Lemnos,Greece[ArthurMarshall;Saintsalive; NewStatesman (14"n 6 May1976)646]."n G'n AreliquaryofthebonesofSt. Euphemiaisin Haghios Georgios,Istanbul  [Boulanger,"n 55p.101;Freely,p.57(notmentionedinFreely(2)); &&Rogerson&Baring,p.48].Shewasa"n virginmartyrof ))Chalcedon,killedin303[Freely,p.57]."n "n 'nTheskullofS. EUPHROSYNEisintheChurchof Panayia Chrysospiliotissainthe"n D monasteryof Mega GGSpileon,some50kmeastofPatrasseeunderPaintingsoftheMadonna"n q  [deJongh(2),pp.300301]."n "n 'nSS. EUSEBIUSofCremona, Eustochium,Jeromeand ""PaulaareburiedundertheChapel"n ##oftheHolyInnocentsinBethlehem  [Jahshan& Jahshan,p.55]."n "n ''nTheremainsofSt.EUSTACE(= Eustache)areinS. !!Eustachio,Rome,whichwasbuilt"n ;overhishouse OO[Masson,p.172].TherearerelicsintheSchatzkammer,Vienna[Baueretal.,"n p.294]andinSt. Eustache,Paris."n 'nSSIntheSchatzkammer,Vienna,isareliquarywithaThornandrelicsofSS.Andrew,"n Eustace,Georgeand KKStephanandanotherreliquarywithapieceoftheShroudandrelicsofthe"n --samefoursaints[Baueretal.,pp.305306]."n 'nVVPartofthebrainwasinSt.George'sChapel,WindsorCastle,Berkshire[Hill,p.42; ,*xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n \ xDutton,p.133]."n #'n//TheBritishMuseumhasaheadreliquaryofSt. ((Eustachewhichhadapieceofhisskull."n "n 'nSS. EusebiusofCremona, EUSTOCHIUM,Jeromeand Paulaareburiedunderthe"n **ChapeloftheHolyInnocentsinBethlehem  [Jahshan& Jahshan,p.55]."n "n 'nTherelicsofSt. BBEUTROPIUSareunderthealtarofBromptonOratory,London,having"n ..beenbroughtfromtheRomancatacombs[Father EdmundKilburn;AWalkRoundthe"n ChurchoftheLondonOratory  ;12thed., Carey& Claridge,London,1980,p.27]."n "n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n 4GGSantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofSt. EXUPERY[Gauthier,"n  pp.130133]."n "n }'nQQTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithathornandrelicsofSS.FABIAN"n ,__andSebastian[Baueretal.,pp.243244]andacasketwithrelicsofSS.FabianandSebastian"n [Baueretal.,p.268]."n "n w'nTherelicsofSt.FAITH(= Ste.FOY)werebroughtto Conques,AlpesMaritimes,in"n ";;the9Candareenclosedinamagnificentreliquarystatue[ MGGFrance  ,p.114]."n "n 'n TheMuse ''deCluny,Paris,hasareliquaryofS. FAUSTA[Hare (2),p.377]."n "n 'nTheclothedskeletonsofSt. 55FELICISSIMUSandSt.MarciaareintheChurchofthe"n # Nativity  (Narozen pn),nearthe  Loreta,in ..Hradany,justWofPragueCastle[Humphreys,"n p.68]."n "n {'nPP[Foligno,p.29]relatesthatin1050,BishopBernardofPaduahadavisionand"n ??uncoveredthetombsofSt.JulianandtheHolyInnocentsinS. Giustina,Padua.Hewas"n 22inspiredtodigfurtherandfoundthetombsofSS  Maximusand  FELICITA.,*xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n ''nCCSt.FELIXseeunderSt.GregoryofSpoletoandunderSt.Vincent."n 'nSS.Felixand DDRegula(brotherandsister)werebeheadedatZrichbyorderofthe"n Emperor ..Decius,butthereseemtobenorelicsthere[MGGSwitzerland  ,p.187]. ,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Lx'nQQRelicsofSt.FelixareinareliquaryinAachenCathedral,NordrheinWestfalen,"n ,,Germany[Gauthier,pp.4244].AlsoinSt. Aloysius,Oxford [Heyworth,pp.111113]."n 'n>>[Vince,p.23]notesthereareatleast60saintsnamedFelix."n "n 'nWWThebodyofPopeSt.FELIXwasbroughttotheBasilica,S.Antonio,inPadua,in1504,"n +andisintheCappellaS. Felice[Foligno,p.192]."n "n Y'n!!ThereisarelicofSt.FELIXof 00CANTALICE(d.1587)intheSchatzkammer,Vienna"n j [Baueretal.,pp.336337]."n ['n [KarlShaw; Gross2ThisTimeIt'sPersonal ((;Virgin,1994,p. 2]saysPopePiusIX"n 7^^senttheembalmedbodyofSt.FelixtoQueenIsabelIIofSpainasabirthdaypresentandshe"n ]]putitinaglasscoffinintheSpanishroyalchapelbutShawdoesn'tsaywhereSeville??"n "n 'nSSSt.FERDINAND(KingFerdinandIIIofCastile),whocapturedSevillefromtheMoors"n -``in1248,wascousintoSt.Louis.HeisburiedinashrinebelowthealtaroftheChapelRoyal"n  ^^(CapillaReal)intheCathedralofSeville,Andalusia,Spain.AstatueoftheVirgininthis"n YYchapelandaBibleintheTreasuryoftheCathedralofToledoarepresentsfromLouisto"n  Ferdinand.[ MGG-Spain ,pp. 217,221,237.]"n "n 'nTherelicsofS. FERMOareinthechurchofS. Fermo,Verona,Veneto  [Buckley&"n Robinson,p.325]."n "n 'nTherelicsofSt. <>FINAN'sgraveismarkedbyamonumentontopofahillcalled Leacht  Fhionnor"n  Leacht na  DaimhonSt. Finan'swalknear ''BallaghisheenPass,Co.Kerry,Ireland  [Sugrue,"n p. 26]."n "n 'nSt.FINBAR(or &&Finbarr)issaidtohavebeenbornat Rath Raithleann,aruinnear"n T &&Templemartin,Co.Cork,westofCork[ BGIreland ++,p.182].Hisoratorywasonaislandin"n ^Lough Gouganebarra,between  Macroomand ,,Bantry,Co.Cork,wherehedrownedadragon"n X**whichhadbeenoverlookedbySt.Patrick[ BGIreland  ,p.187; MGG-Ireland  ,p.47]."n "n 'nAreliquaryheadof Sainte FORTUNADEisinthechurchof SteFortunade, Corrze"n U [ MGG-Dordogne+  ,p.165]."n "n 'n44TheCathedralofOrvieto,Umbria,hasrelicsofSS.  Callisto, Degna,  FORTUNATO,"n   Jacoponeda  Todiand Romana."n "n ['nThebodyofS. FOSCAwasbroughtto --Torcello,Veneto,fromLibyabefore1011and"n theChurchofS. HHFoscawasbuilttohouseitandhertombisstillthereunderthealtar [BG"n Venice  ,p. 192; Buckley&Robinson,p.211].0@,*hxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n 3'n WhenSt.FRANCIS  ::(Francesco)(11821226)wasbeingbaptised,a'mysterious"n 99pilgrim'appearedandhiskneeprintisinastoneinS. Rufino,Assisi,Umbria  [Rowdon,p.@P,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xVV141].Othersourcessayitwasanangel.ThefontinwhichhewasbaptisedisinS. Rufino"n k [MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 59]."n <'nPPThecrucifixwhichissaidtohavespokentoFrancisandconvertedhimisinS. Chiara,"n l44Assisi.NumeroussitesassociatedwithFrancisand **ChiaraareinornearAssisi.Hediedin"n the TransitoChapelofS.Maria degli ;;Angeli,wherethereisalsotherosewhichlostitsthorns"n 966whenhethrewhimselfontoittoescapetemptation.[MGG-Italy (1995) ,pp. 5960.]There"n //areseveralsitesassociatedwithFrancisnear Rieti,Lazio,Italy[MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 194]."n HewasattheMonasteryofLa  Verna,Toscana,about15kmEof Poppi,whenhereceivedthe"n ::StigmatathereisaChapeloftheStigmataonthesite[MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 214]."n %'nJJThebodyofSt.FrancisisundertheHighAltaroftheLowerChurchofS.  Francescoin"n aNNAssisi,butthetombwassealedupinthe15Ctoprotectitfromtheftbythe  Perugians"n 1  [Rowdon,p.97]."n 'nWWHowever,smallfragments,probablynailclippingsanddressingsfromtheStigmata,are"n inareliquaryfrom Palma de ;;Mallorca,nowintheLouvre,Paris[Gauthier,pp.138139]."n 'nXXTheslabonwhichtheencounterbetweenS.Francisandthewolftookplaceispreserved"n inS.FrancescodellaPace, Gubbio,Umbria."n 'nZZTowardtheendofhislife,Voltaireerectedachurchonhisestate(probablynearGeneva"n in FerneyVoltaire, DDAin,France)andrequestedarelicfromthePope.Hewassentwhat"n MMpurportedtobe,andperhapsevenwas,thehairshirtofSt.Francis.[John Weightman;The"n yPrince&theHermit; TheObserver (6Aug1978)17.]"n 'nVVArelicofSt.Francis'scassockisinthesacristyofSantaCroce,Florence,ToscanaP`,*- @ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x [GustavoCocci;..SantaCroceTempleofthe"GloriesofItaly" ; Bonechi,Florence,nd"n '88[1980s?],pp. 2426].ThechurchoftheConventofthe ''Cordeliers,Paris,claimedtohavethe"n %22waistcordofSt.Francis[Hare (2),pp.388389]."n 'nAtreeatVilla DDVerucchio,EmiliaRomagna,13kmSWofRimini,issaidtohavegrown"n ;,,fromastickusedbySt.Francisasacane[BION24  ,p.184]."n L'nXXThereisapieceofthethornbeltofSt.FrancisintheSchatzkammer,Vienna[Baueret"n $ al.,pp. 342343]."n 'nTherearerelicsinSt. Aloysius,Oxford [Heyworth,pp.111113]."n Y'n11FrancisstayedattheConventoftheCells,near ''Cortona,Toscana,andthereishisbed"n .andhissandglass,etc. [Setteposte& Belardi,p.8788]."n "n Y'nSt.FRANCISOF PAOLA(14161507)wasbornin $$Paola,Calabria,andhisrelicsare"n there[MGG-Italy (1995) GG,p. 78].ThereisarelicintheSchatzkammer,Vienna[Baueretal.,"n p.342]."n "n 'n++St.FRANCISXAVIER(15061552)wasbornat JavierCastle,near Sangesa,Navarre,"n 00Spain.Hisbedroomisextantandmaybeseen.[ MGGSpain  ,p.197.]"n 9'nQQHediedonatriptoChina,on3Dec1552.Despitebeingburiedtwice,hisbody"n U!!remaineduncorruptedandreached 44Goaon15Mar1554.HisbodyisintheBasilicaof Bom"n +Jesus,  Goa,India.  DonnaIsabel de 88Carombitoffthelittletoeoftherightfoot.Hewas"n YYcanonizedin1622.By1636,allofhisinternalorganshadbeenremovedanddistributed"n 8[[throughouttheworld.On3Nov1640,therightarmwasremoved,onordersfromthePope."n 77MostofitwenttoRome,butsmallbitswenttoJapan, !!CochinandMacao.Atowelwhich"n 66soakedupthebleedingatthisoperationwasgivento Philip IV.Despitealltheseandits`,*mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x[[shrinkagefromsixtofourfeet,thebodyremainedmiraculouslypreserved.[VijayaGhose,"n 'ed.;LimcaBookofRecords1998 ;LimcaBookofRecords,  Guragon,nearDelhi,India,9th"n ,``ed,1998,p.11]statesthatthebodywasnotembalmed.Butin1974,itwasfeltthatthebody"n ]]wasdeterioratingandtheregularexpositionsofthebodyceasedwiththeexpositioninthat"n year.  [Phillip Knightley;Restinpeace;SundayTimesMagazine (30Mar1975)46-53.]"n  [Welfare& RRFairley,p.99withphotoonp.102]reportthatthebodywasondisplayfromNov"n  1984toJan1985."n x'nSSTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsof:Anne;AnthonyofPadua;"n  Donatus;FrancisXavier;John 99NepomukthesebeingthepatronsaintsoftheHabsburgs"n [Baueretal.,pp.331332]."n "n ['nSt. PPFRIDESWIDE(735),avirgin,wasburiedinChristChurch,Oxford.Theshrine"n XXwasdestroyedduringtheReformationin1548.DuringtheReformation,PeterMartyrwas"n YYProfessorofTheologyatOxford,bringinghiswifeCatherinewithhim.Shediedandwas"n 0interredneartherelicsofS. ??Frideswide.WhenMarycametothethrone,Catherine'sremains0,*u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n !x]]weredugupandplacedintheDean'sdunghill.WhenElizabethcametothethronefiveyears"n aalater,Catherine'sboneswererecoveredbythesubdeanandputinacoffintobereburied.The"n relicsofSt. JJFrideswidewerethenfoundtobemissingandwerediscoveredtohavebeen"n ?55concealedinanobscurecorner.On11Jan1562,the subdeanthenputSt. Frideswide'srelics"n ODDintothesamecoffinandtheywereburiedtogether.Presumablythe subdeanfeltthatmixing"n aatheCatholicandtheProtestantboneswouldpreventtheirfurtherdisturbance.[IsaacDisraeli;"n ZAmenitiesofLiterature ,vol.I,pp.336337.] ..[Headlam,pp.9,1819]saysthereisabrass"n {DDonthefloormarkingthelocationofthebonesandgivesaepigram: Iam coeunt pietas atque"n  ``superstitioNowTrueFaithandsuperstitionarejoined.[Vince,pp.2324]saysthe'remains"n 44areinterredatChristChurchunderamarkedstone.'"n "n 'nThereliquaryofSan $$Galgano,belongingtothechurchof Frosini,Umbria,nowonloan"n <88totheOperadelDuomo,Orvieto,containsrelicsofSt. FRIDIANO(presumablytheS."n  --FREDIANOofLucca)[Gauthier,pp.169&172]."n "n W'nThechurchofSt.  Fridolin (Fridolinsmnster)inBad Sckingen,BadenWrttemberg,"n containstheshrineofSt. >>FRIDOLIN,thoughit'snotclearifthereareanyrelicsinit"n [ MGG-Germany  ,p.50]."n "n D'nTherelicsofSt. FROILN,patronof 44Len,areatthefootofthealtarintheCathedral"n of Len,Castileand  Len,Spain[ MGG-Spain  ,p.133]."n "n t'nTheremainsofSt.FRONT(or Fronto),theapostleof Prigord,wereondisplayat St"n PFrontCathedralin @@Prigueux,Dordogne.ThetombwasdestroyedduringtheWarsof0 ,*  xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x Religion.[ MGGFrance  ,p.203. MGG-Dordogne+ ,pp.142142.]"n "n 'nPPAfeatherfromthewingofGABRIELwasdisplayedattheEscorial,Madrid,Spain"n  [Geoffrey Grigson;Theogreof FonthillReviewof:Brian  Fothergill;  Beckfordof Fonthill ;"n  Faber,1979; TheGuardian (22Feb1979)??]."n "n 'nThereliquaryofSan $$Galgano,belongingtothechurchof Frosini,Umbria,nowonloan"n @@totheOperadelDuomo,Orvieto,Umbria,containsrelicsofSt. GALGANO[Gauthier,"n ] pp. 169&172]."n 'n In1180, Galgano Guidotti,anoblefrom **Chiusdano,nearSiena,waspassingnearby"n d \\Montesiepiwhenavisiontoldhimtorenouncematerialthings.Herepliedthatwouldbeas"n ^^difficultassplittingarockwithhisswordandhitarockwithhisswordwhichyieldedlike"n \aabutter.Theswordstillsticksoutofthehillandrecenttestingshowsitcouldbe12C.Radar"n n//hasrevealedaburialcavitybelowthesword. [RoryCarroll;Tuscany's Excaliburisthereal"n 6thing,sayscientists; TheGuardian ::(16Sep2001)9.]It'snotclearifthisisthesameS."n  Galganoasthereliquary."n "n I'nTherearerelicsof GALLA PLACIDIAinthechapelofS. AquilinusintheBasilicaof"n S.LorenzoMaggiore,Milan,  Lombardia 99[Converso,p.41].I'mnotsureifhe/sheisformallya"n saint."n "n e'nSt. AAGAMALIEL,theschoolmasterofSt.PaulseeunderSt.Nicodemus."n "n N'nThesarcophagusofS. GAUDENZIO,patronsaintof !!Novara,isintheBasilicanamed"n  forhimin Novara,Piemonte[MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 161]."n "n Z'nAntoni $$GAUDI,theCatalanarchitectofthe Sagrada !!FamiliainBarcelona,Spain,was ,*=8xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x44proposedforsainthoodinearly2000[Brown,p.89]."n "n 'nTherearerelicsofS. ++GAVINOinthecryptoftheCathedralofS.  Gavinoin Porto"n  Torres,Sardegna [BGSouthernItaly  ,p.286;MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 264]."n "n 'n Szent GELLRT (Ghirardusor 77Gerhard),oneoftheapostlesofHungary,wasmartyred"n ]]in1046bybeingstrappedtoabarrowandrolledoffthecliffwherehismonumentnowstands"n  inBudapest."n 0,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n UGGSantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofSt. GENESIO[Gauthier,"n  pp.130133]."n "n 'n SSSte.GENEVIVE(d.c505)isthePatronSaintofParis.In450,AttilatheHunwas"n ZZapproachingParisandsheexhortedthepeopletoprayfordeliveranceandtheHunsturned"n __aside.Whenshedied,amodestwoodenoratorywasbuiltoverhergrave.Thiswasjustonthe"n southsideofthepresentSt. EtienneduMont.In508, ##Clovisreplaceditwithabasilica"n 5]]dedicatedtoPeterandPaul,butitsoonwasnamedforGenevive.Therelicswerepreserved"n =__whentheNormansdestroyedthebasilicainthe9C.DuringasiegeofParisin885,therelics"n b""wereplacedattheendofthele de 77laCitandtheNormanswererepulsed.Thechurchwas"n ^^rebuiltandthenamesofPeterandPaulweredroppedbythe13C.Fromthe12C,theshrineof"n ZZtheSaintwasregularlyprocessedwhenParisorFranceneededdivineprotection.Erasmus"n 9\\wasmiraculouslyhealedbytheprocessionof1496.Attherevolution,theshrinewasmoved"n totheadjacentSt. FFEtienneduMont,thentotheMint.On21Nov,1793,theremainswere"n \\burnedandtheashesthrownintotheSeine.Attherestorationvariousbitswhichhadbeen"n PVVdistributedaroundtherealmwerebroughtbacktoParisandplacedinashrineinSt. Etienne"n 88duMont.OthersourcessayhercoffinwasmovedtoSt. !!Etiennein1803[Cronin,p.104;"n 6 ^^Okey,p.254].In1764,thePanthonwasstartedwiththeintentionofbeinganewchurchof"n YYSte.Geneviveandhousingtherelics,butsubsequenteventscausedittochangebetween"n AAPanthonandchurchseveraltimesandtherelicsremainedinSt. EtienneduMont.Therelics0P,*- P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xUUwereprocessedon8Sep1914andtheGermanadvancewasstoppedattheBattleofthe"n <&&ChurchofSaintGeorge,HanoverSquare 22;TheChurch(?),1976,p.26]saysthisconfusion"n VVwasfirstmadebyEdwardReynolds,apuritandivine,intheearly17CandthenGibbon"n  followedhim."n 'n WhenEdward EEIIIfoundedtheOrderoftheGarter,hemadetheheadquartersinthe"n bb"noblecollegeintheCastleofWindsor,inwhichcollegeis[orwassoontobe]theheartofSt."n g Georgewhich SigismundtheEmperorof 22Alemaynebroughtandgaveforapreciousrelicto"n KingHarrythefifth" [Adey Horton;TherealSt.George;SundayTimesMagazine  (20Apr"n qGG1975)cover&pp.34-43].[Hill,p.42]saystheheartwasbroughtby Sigismundtoa"n  ""tournamentatWindsorinMay1416."n H'n++TheheadofSt.GeorgeisinS.Giorgioin $$Velabro,Rome.Itwasfoundinthe Lateran"n ++Palacein751andbroughthereinthe8C. [Masson,pp.412-413.]"n 'nOOHowever,Baring-GouldsaystheheadwasgiventothechurchatFerrara,Emilia `,*- @ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xDDRomagna.AnotherheadwastakenfromthefallofConstantinopleto Mares-Moutierin"n %%Picardy.Anarmwasataconventin Barala,whichmovedto Cambray(presumably  Cambrai,"n XXNord,France)inthe9C.RobertofFlandersbroughtbackanarmfromtheHolyLandand"n M]]presentedittothecityofToulouse,HautGaronne.Hebroughtotherpartswhichhegaveto"n n&&theCountessMatildaandtheabbeyof 33Auchin.Anotherarmfellmiraculouslyfromheaven"n uponthealtarofS. GGPantaleoninCologne(Kln),NordrheinWestfalen,Germany.Baldwinof"n ,\\JerusalemgaverelicstoAlexander,ChaplinofCountErnest,whogavethemtothechurchof"n  88Villers-Saint-Leuin1101.[Baring-Gould,pp.312-313.]"n 5'nXX[Dutton,p.133]saysthatinthe14C,St.George'sChapelatWindsorhadtheheartand"n __fingersofSt.George,astoneusedtostoneStephen,acandleandsomemilkoftheVirginand"n  apieceofSt. Eustache'sbrain."n W'n**Intheearly1980s,theItaliannewspaper  Republica $$madeaninventoryofrelics.They"n \\foundenoughbonesofSt.Georgetomakethirtycompleteskeletons,nineheadsandeighteen"n KPParmsoftheApostleJamesandtenskullsofJohntheBaptist.[ReportedintheSunday"n 1Express ((,whichwasreproducedorexcerptedin: RoystonJeans&Alan Kamin; Newsfroma"n   SquareWorld ;Unwin,1986,p.71.]"n `'nDDIn1969,GeorgewasdemotedtoalocalsaintbytheCatholicChurch [Atkins,loc.cit."n above]."n "n 'n,n++MISCELLANEOUSSITES,inalphabeticalorder."n "n 'n++ThereisareliquaryofSt.GeorgeandSt. OdaintheCollgiale StGeorgesin Amay,"n Fnear Huy (Hoei),Lige,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.215]."n 'nVVAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesrelicsofGeorge`,*mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n k x[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n 'nPPThereisareliquaryofSt.GeorgeintheMuseumofDecorativeArts(Museumfr Kunst"n  und Gewerbe),Hamburg,Germany[ MGGGermany  ,p.153]."n 'nIIThetibiaofSt.GeorgewasinanaltaratthefootofthetombofHenry VIIin"n WestminsterAbbey,London  [JudiCulbertson&TomRandall;PermanentLondoners ;"n 11RobsonBooks,London,1991,p.55].[KarlShaw;GrossACompendiumofthe"n [..Unspeakable,Unpalatable,UnjustandAppalling ));Virgin,1993,p.167]saysHenryVII's"n ..mostcherishedsouvenirwasGeorge'sleftleg."n 'nKKAmiraculousiconofSt.GeorgewasfoundonthebeachattheMonasteryof"n  ^^Xerophontos,Mt.Athos,Greece.ItoozedbloodandwaschuckedintotheseabyIconoclasts."n /aaItdriftedaboutandcamebackashoreatthesameplace,startingaholyspring.Theiconisin"n 33thelargerChurchofSt.GeorgeintheMonastery. [deJongh,p.292.]"n a'nVVAmiraculousiconofSt.George,paintedbyadivinehand,flewfromPalestinetoMt."n ""AthosandisnowintheChurchof Ayios GeorghiosintheMonasteryof Zographou,Mt."n Athos,Greece [deJongh,p.297].p,*u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n _UUSantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofGeorge[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130-133]."n `'nOOVeniceacquiredthearmofSt.GeorgeaftertheSackofConstantinoplein1204"n ~ >>[Okey (2),p.82]anditisapparentlystillthere[Welfare& ##Fairley,p.122].Inthe15C,the"n MMchurchofS.Giorgioclaimedtohavethehead,leftarmandhand[Gascoigne]."n F'nVVTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithapieceofMary'sveilandarelicof"n ``St.George[Baueretal.,p.266].OtherostensoryhasrelicsofSS.GeorgeandMaurice[Bauer"n etal.,pp.266267]."n 'nSSIntheSchatzkammer,Vienna,isareliquarywithaThornandrelicsofSS.Andrew,"n Eustace,Georgeand KKStephanandanotherreliquarywithapieceoftheShroudandrelicsofthe"n --samefoursaints[Baueretal.,pp.305306]."n r'nTTc1137,HenryofBloisgaveWinchesterCathedral,Hampshire,alargecrossreliquary"n GGcontainingmanyrelics,includingsomeofSt.George[Gauthier,p.56]."n "n 'nThetombofSt.  GEREONandothermartyrsofthe ThebanLegion(seeunderSt."n Maurice)isinSt. 11Gereon's,Cologne,NordrheinWestfalen,Germany[ MGGGermany ,p."n W$$103].TherearereliquariesofSt. !!Gereonandhiscompanionsinthe  Cathdrale  SaintsPiere"n PauletQuirinin Malmdy,Lige,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.245]."n "n 'n ,,[Okey,p.30]mentionsthattherewasaSt. ''GERMAINofAutun,SaneetLoire,made"n Bishopin555. EE[Okey,p.36]seemstosaythissaint'sbodywastranslatedfromSt."n  ''SymphorientoSt.Vincent,renamedSt. Germain des ))Prs,Paris,in754.(CfSt.Vincent.)"n "[Hare(2),p.287288]says @@GermainwasBishopofParis.DuringtheNormanincursions,thep@,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xbodywasmovedtoS. Germain le 88Vieux,withinthewallsandbuiltwiththeintentionof"n _ZZholdingthebody.AftertheNormanproblemswereover,thebodywentbacktoS.Vincent,"n ?;;butanarmwasleftinrecognitionofthehospitality.S. Germain le Vieuxwasdemolishedin"n p theRevolution."n "n @'nTherelicsofSt. GERMANUS(=GERMAN= $$GERMAIN)(378448),firstbishopof"n 3((Auxerre,Yonne,areintheAbbeyofSt. Germain,Auxerre[ MGGFrance ,p.72].Heisalso"n 6saidtobeburiedat  Llanarmon Dyffryn  Ceirog,near ''Pandy,Clwyd,Wales,thoughhediedin"n KRavenna,EmiliaRomagna [Beazley&Howell,p.95]."n "n 7'nThetombofS. 99GERMINIANOisintheCathedralofModena,EmiliaRomagna"n 9 [MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 146]."n "n 3'n!!St.GERTRUDEwasthedaughterof ++IttaofAquitaine,whofoundedanabbeyin"n  YYNivelles,BrabantWallon,Belgium,inc650.Gertrudefoundedanorderandwasitsfirst"n abbess.Sheand //IttaareburiedinthecryptoftheCollgiale !!Ste-Gertrude.The13Creliquary"n iGGwaspartlydestroyedinWW2.FragmentsareondisplayintheChapelle SteGertrudeanda"n cccopyisondisplayintheImperialHall.Thereisamodernreplacement.It'snotclearwhich,if"n ``any,ofthesecontainsactualrelics.Anannualprocessionfollowsthe14kmroutebetweenher"n PPhermitageandwhereshewasfed.Herrelicsarecarriedonasixhorsecart.[MGG"n Belgium/Luxembourg ,pp.264265.]"n "n 'n!!ThelocationofthebodiesofSS  GERVASIUS  (Gervase)&  PROTASIUS (Protase)was"n .WWrevealedinavisiontoSt.AmbroseofMilanandthebodiesbroughttowhatisnowthe"n ""BasilicaofS.AmbrogioinMilan, ((Lombardia,inc387[St.Augustine;Book  IX,chap.7,@,*Mxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xpp. 194-195; QQVincitore,p.42].Haldane[p.89]notesthatAmbrosewasbeingbesiegedinthe"n %``CathedralbyImperialtroopsbecauseheobjectedtoanedictoftolerationfortheArians.The"n ^^boneswereprocessedtotheCathedralandthecrowdswereimpressedbythesizeofthebones,"n whichwereof JJCroMagnonmen,thoughAmbrose'svisionsaidtheyhadbeenmartyredunder"n o YYNero.NumerousmiraclesoccurredduringtheprocessionandtheImperialtroopswithdrew"n eeandthetolerationedictwasrescinded.Theseeffectslaidthebasisforthecultofrelics,though"n theydidn'tkeep KKAlaricandhisArianGothsfromsackingMilanc409.Therelicsareinthe"n 2crypt[MGG-Italy (1995) FF,p. 145],inagreatsilverreliquarywiththebonesofSt.Ambrogio"n  [Vincitore,p.42]."n 0,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nSt. GILDASfoundedamonasteryat //St.GildasdeRhuys,Morbihan,inthe6C.His"n QQtomb,reliquariescontaininghisarmsandlegsandhismitreareinthechurch."n [ MGG-Brittany  ,p. 219.]"n "n @'nOORelicsofSt.GILESareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselve"n YYTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n "n b'n00AnattempttotranslatethebodyoftheBlessed ""GIOVANNAwashaltedbyamiracle,"n Qaabutoneofthebearerscutoffanarmandtriedtocarryitandwasstruckblind.Thearmisin"n the  Pieveof --Signa,nearFlorence.[Hutton,pp.123124.]"n "n 'nThebodyofBlessedGIOVANNI 22DASALERNO(1243?)isinanurnunderthemain"n 22altarofSantaMariaNovella,Florence,Italy[P. Stefano Orlandi,revisedbyP.  IsnardoP."n u Grossi;FFHistoricalArtisticGuideofSantaMariaNovellaandherMonumental"n  Cloisters  ;EditionS.  Becocci,Florence,1984,p.14]."n "n 'nThetombofSS.  Biagioand GIULIANA(from1508)isinSS.  Nazaro& Celso,Verona,"n 1EEbutthesourcethensaystheyareentombedatanearbyvotivechapel [Zuffi,pp.6768]."n "n p'nTherelicsofS. ;;GIULIO(St.Julius)areinthecryptofthebasilicaofS. Giulioonthe"n   IsolaSan  Giulioin Lago d'Orta,Piemonte[MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 125]."n "n 'nSanta **GIUSTINA'srelicsareinthechurchofS. Giustina,Padua (Padova).Atomb,"n AAintendedtoholdtherelics,isnowintheChapelofthePalazzo  Borromeo,on Isola Bella, Lago"n ;  Maggiore."n "n 'nThe 88PievediSantaMaria,Arezzo,ToscanahasrelicsofSS.  Asterio,  Ermenio,"n   GIUSTO, Ranieri,'andothers'.0p,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n 'nSt. ))GODELIVEwasmarriedagainstherwillto Bertulf,Lordof Gistel,9kmSof"n   Oostende  (Ostende, AAOstend),WestVlaanderen,Belgium.Shewaslaterimprisonedand"n QPPmurderedandherbodythrownintoawellin1070.Hertombisinthechurchat  Gistel.The"n 11cellarwhereshewasimprisonedisinthenearby AbbayedeTen  Putte."n [MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg  ,p.269]."n "n 'nSt. $$GODRICbuiltachurchin1110where ++FinchalePriorywaslaterbuiltandhewas"n <>Catholicon)intheMonasteryofVatopedionMt.Athos,Greece  [deJongh,"n  p.272]. YY[Williams,p.44]sayshisrelicsweretranslatedtoSt.Peter's,Rome.Hewasforcibly"n %AAordainedbyhisfatherandeventuallysucceededhimasBishopat Nazianzus,butresigned.A"n friendofBasiland  Chrysostom."n "n E'n++RelicsofSSGREGORYOFSPOLETO,FELIXand  NABORareinpartoftheShrine@ ,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xLLoftheThreeMagiinCologne(Kln)Cathedral,NordrheinWestfalen,Germany [Hoster,p.2]."n $FFTherelicsofGregorywerepresentedbyArchbishopBrunoIinthe10C [Hoster,p.34]."n "n 'nS. KKGUTHLAC(714)wasasoldierwhowasconvertedovernightbyavisionand"n Fwithdrewtoahermitagein CCCrowland,Lincolnshire,wherehestartedanabbey.Hiscellisat"n IIthewestendofthesouthaisleoftheabbeychurch.[Vince,pp.2627.]"n "n o'nSt.GUY(Guidon)of BBAnderlecht(1012)ispatronsaintofpeasantsandhorses.His"n KKtombstoneisinthe11CcryptofCollgialedesSaintsPierreetGuidonin Anderlecht,a"n 1;;westernsuburbofBrussel(Bruxelles),Brabant,Belgium.[MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg ,p."n 162.]"n f'n##SEE:St.VitusforanotherSt.Guy."n "n 3'nSt. %%GWYNHOYDLisburiedinthechurchat Llangwnnadl,Gwynedd,Wales  [Beazley"n &Howell,pp.180-181]."n "n 'nAreliquaryofSt. HADELIN,thefounderofthe Cellesmonasterynear Dinantinthe"n A7C,isintheCollgialein Vis,17kmSofLige (Luik,Liege),Lige,Belgium"n [MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg  ,p.240]."n "n 'n,,TheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasrelicsofSt. ''HEDWIG(11741243),DuchessofSilesia"n [Baueretal.,p.237]."n "n 'nUUTheashesofSt.HELENA,motherofConstantineanddiscovereroftheTrueCross,are"n 2reputedtobeinthechurchof AASant'ElenaattheeastendofVenice.c1900,thechurchwasin"n h++useasamachineroomofanironfoundry. [Okey(2),pp. 431-432.] [Buckley&Robinson,"n \\p. 185]sayherbodywasbroughthereandthatin18071928,thechurchwasabandoned,with"n &^^aspellasanironfoundry,buthasnowbeenrestored,thoughtheydon'tsaywhathappenedto ,*Xxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n rx<>Thereisabustandreliquary,intheshapeofanarm,ofSt. HENRINinthechurchof"n P Locarn,Ctesd'Armor[ MGGBrittany  ,p.77]."n "n 'n$$Thereisalate12CreliquaryofS. 22HENRI(=HENRY,butwhich??)intheLouvre,Paris"n 5 [Hare(2),p.51]."n "n 'nThetombofEmperorHENRY 00IITHESAINT(10021024)isintheCathedralof"n  FFBamberg,Bayern.HewasbrotherinlawofSt.StephenofHungary.[ MGGGermany ,"n   pp. 5354.]"n "n n'nHENRY JJVIofEngland,allegedlymurderedintheTowerofLondonbyhissuccessor"n Edward TTIV,acquiredareputationforsaintlinessandhisbodywastranslatedfromChertsey"n JDDAbbeytoSt.George'sChapel,WindsorCastle,Berkshire,byRichard IIIin1484.His"n 9MMbedsteadwasconsideredholyandchipswereprovidedfromit.A"redVelvet Hatte(thatlay"n 0 there)wasa NNSovereigneMedicineagainsttheHeadache."ThePopewaswillingtocanonise"n Henry,butHenry ##VIIwouldnotpaythefees!Henry VIIbuilttheLadyChapelin"n m11WestminsterAbbeytocontainthebody,butHenry ))VIIIdecidedtokeepitatWindsor.The"n FFtombistothesouthofthealtar.[Hill,pp. 5758.Turner,p.24.]"n "n 'nSt. ""HERBOTisburiedinthechurchof St.Herbot,Finistre[ MGGBrittany  ,p.52]."n "n 7'n11TherelicsofSt.HERMESareinthecryptofthe  StHermes Collegiaalin Ronse"n  $$(Renaix),Oost-Vlaanderen,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.281].00,*0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n -'n99St.HILARYwasburiedinSt.HilarytheGreat,Poitiers, Vienne[ MGGFrance ,"n p. 208]."n "n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n WWSantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofSt.HIPPOLYTUS(3C)"n DII[Gauthier,pp. 130-133].HemaybetheonlyantiPopetobecomeasaint."n "n 'nPPThoughSt.HUBERTisaverypopularsaint,Ihaveonlyfoundonerelicofhim."n 22LegendsayshewasthesoninlawoftheCountof $$Leuven(Louvain)andwashuntingon"n ``GoodFriday,683,whenastagatbayturnedandavisionofChristontheCrossappearedinits"n AAantlers.AvoicetoldhimtoseekhisfriendLambert,Bishopof TongresMaastricht,tobe"n XXinstructed.ThisledhimtoRomewherehelearnedLamberthadbeenmartyred.ThePope"n J\\offeredhimthevacantbishopric,butherefused.Thenanangeldescendedandgavehimthe"n *]]whilestole,symbolicofthebishop'soffice,whichwaswovenwithgoldbytheVirginMary."n SSHetransferredthebishoprictoLige.Inthe9C,hisrelicsweremovedtothe7C  Basilique"n s  St-Hubertin LLStHubert,Luxembourg,Belgium.Thereisamausoleuminthenorthtransept"n PPandtheHolyStoleisexhibitedintheSt.Hubertaltarinthesouthtransept."n [MGG-Belgium/Luxembourg ,pp.281282.]"n "n l'nPPThebonesofSt.HUGHweresmuggledbacktoEnglandfromtheOrient.Theywere"n WWturnedintobeadsandmadeintotheFamousAnodyneNecklaceswhichalleviatedteething"n HHpainsinchildren.Theseweresoldingreatnumbersbyamemberofthe Chamberlenfamilyof"n " obstetricians.[E.S.Turner;CalltheDoctor ));MichaelJoseph,London,1958,p.114.]"n "n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)0 ,*-Hxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x[[SantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofSt.HYACINTH[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130-133]."n "n 'nThereisarelicofSt. IDESBALD,whowasabbotofthe Duinenabdij(Abbeyinthe"n ,$$Dunes)inthecryptoftheadjacent &&OnzeLieveVrouwekerkterDuinenkerk,  Koksijde"n  $$(Coxyde),WestVlaanderen,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg ,pp.220221]."n  p,*u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Fx'nSSSt.IGNATIUSofAntiochwaseatenbybeastsintheColosseumofRome,earlyinthe"n ^^2C.HisboneswerereturnedtoAntioch,thenlaterreturnedtoRomeandplacedinthechurch"n [ofS. Clemente,Rome,Lazio,Italy. [Williams,p.30.]"n "n 'n>>ThebonesofBishopIGNATIUS(17661828)areintheChurchof Ayios  Therapon,"n K FFMytilene,Lesbos.Hewas'afighterforthefreedomoftheHungarian Vlachs',bornin"n   Mytilene. [Eleftheriadis,p.50.] ::[Eleftheriadis,p.81]mentionsahandwrittenbibleanda"n >**mitreofSt.Ignatiusatthemonasteryof 77Leimonos,inthecentreofnorthLesbos,butitisnot"n 55clearifthisistheabovebishoporBishopIgnatius  Agalianosof Methymna,whobuiltthe"n monasteryin1523."n "n :'n St.IGNATIUS LOYOLA(14911556)wasbornin ##LoyolaCastle,nearSanSebastian,"n 9QQBasqueCountry,Spain.Theroomswherehewasborn,convalescedfromwoundsand"n ^^convertedarechapelsintheSantaCaseinthemonasterynamedforhimonthesite.Ordained"n ^^in1537.InSantaMariadelMar,Barcelona,Catalonia,thereisacommemorativestoneonthe"n XXstepsofchapel29(justWoftheNdoor)markingwhereheusedtositandbegforalms"n H [Alberto Taul Vias;Santa MaradelMarPastandPresent ;TranslatedbyNeil Cowley;"n Y88TheChurch,1998,p.23].He,FrancisXavierandDiego !!LainezwenttoRomeandreceived"n R^^thePope'sapprovalfortheSocietyofJesusin1540.Canonizedin1622.Hisremainsarein"n ..theChapelnamedforhimintheChurchofthe Ges,Rome,Lazio,Italy[MGG-Italy (1995) ,"n p. 203]."n "n c'nSt.  ILLTYD(or GGIlltud)(d.505)wasacousinofKingArthurandoneoftheknightsin"n BBchargeoftheHolyGrail.Hefoundedtheschoolandmonasteryat  Llantwit Fawr,Wales,andp,* 0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xpossiblythemonasteryon ..CaldeyIsland.Heisreputedtobeburiedat Bedd Illtyd,inthe"n IBreconBeacons.[BGWales ,p.263;Howell& Beazley,pp.45&321.]"n "n 'nDDTheNunneryofSt.Raphael,ontheeastsideofLesbos,11kmNWof Mytilene,was"n *^^foundedin1963aftervisionshadrevealedthelocationofthebonesofSS.Raphael,Nicholas"n -''andIRENE,killedbytheTurksin1463 [Eleftheriadis,p.59]."n "n 7'nUUSt.ISABEL(1271)wasthedaughterofKingPedroIIIofAragonandlaterQueenof"n Portugal.Shewasborninthe ??AljaferiapalaceinSaragossa(Zaragoza),Aragon,Spain,where"n theroomisviewable.[ MGG-Spain  ,p. 213.]"n "n 'nTTIn2002,theSpanishbishops'congressproposedthebeatificationofQueenISABELLA"n Iof [[Castille,oneofFranco'sfavouriteicons.Theprocesshadbegunin1958buthadbeenput"n g\\onhold.HerprincipalclaimstofameseemtobetheexpulsionoftheJews(forwhichKing"n @SSJuanCarlosapologisedin1992)andMuslims,acampaignofgenocidalmassacresand"n AAepidemicsinLatinAmericaandstartingtheInquisition.[Giles Tremlett;Saintsandspinners"n R<>Vargashouseproceededtodemolishit,sayingthatitwastoo"n >GGdangeroustorepairandthathewouldrebuilditfromscratch.[Giles Tremlett;Madrid"n ++shockedbydemolitionofitssaint'shome; TheGuardian (20Aug2002)13.]"n "n 'nSt. IVO(or BBYvo)(7C)wasaPersianbishopwhocametoEnglandseekingamore"n +]]simplelife.Hisbodyandthoseofthreecompanionswere'discovered'inCambridgeshire,on"n __24Apr1001or1002,andcausedthelocationtobenamedSt.Ives.[Vince,pp.2728].adding"n 44thatSt.IvesinCornwallisnamedforaCelticSt. Ya.Cf Doble[op.cit.under  Ya,p.8]."n "n l'n44TheCathedralofOrvieto,Umbria,hasrelicsofSS.  Callisto, Degna,  Fortunato,"n    JACOPONEDA  TODIand Romana."n "n 'nIntheValleyof AAKedron,eastofJerusalem,isaTombofSt.JAMES,traditionally"n &__markingthespotwherehewasconcealedfromthetimeofChrist'sarresttohisResurrection."n QQHowever,thetombisactuallythatofapriestlyfamilyfromthetimeofHerod.  [Jahshan&"n  ;;Jahshan,p.45.]It'snotcleartomewhichJamesthisis."n "n 0'n TheApostleJAMES EEtheElder(ortheGreater)travelledtoSpainandhisboatwascast"n Oashoreatthemouthofthe  Ullanear !!Padron,Galicia.Hepreachedin Galiciaforsevenyears"n andreturnedto HHJudaeaandwasbeheadedbyHerodAgrippainJerusalem,c42(Acts12:2),"n %]]supposedlyonthenorthsideoftheArmenianSt.James'sChurch[Becker,p.26].Hewasthe"n L__firstapostletobemartyred[Vince,p.28].Hisfollowersbroughthisbodyback(orthebody`P,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n /xwasputonashipat KKJaffaandtravelledwithangelicguidancetoSpain)anditwasplacedina"n q cryptnear KKPadronandeventuallyforgotten.Legendsaysthatwhentheship(orboat)"n \\approachedtheshore,ahorsemanplungedintotheseatowardit(eitherduetoanexcessof"n >^^zealorbecausehishorsebolted)andtheyweresavedbytheinterventionoftheSaint.When"n ^^theyemerged,theywerecoveredinscallops,leadingtothescallopshellbecomingthesymbol"n eeofthesaint.Unfortunately,thisstoryfirstoccursinthemid15C,whiletheshellisrecordedas"n mearlyas1106.[ ChristinaHole;BritishFolkCustoms '';Hutchinson,1976,p.82.]In813,a"n  monknamed ..Theodomirfoundthegraveinahilltopwood.  [Francais Raitberger;Again,"n 9 PilgrimsProgressAcrossSpain;IHT ..(31Oct1981)??.]Anothersourcerefersto  Theodomir"n  asBishopof Ira KKFlaviaandthathewasguidedbyastar(orafieldofthestar(s)hence"n Campus RRstellae,whichbecameCompostela)tothewood.(Amorerecenttheoryisthatthe"n Jnamederivesfrom IIcompostela,theLatinwordforcemetery,sincetheremainsofacemetery"n WWhavenowbeenfoundundertheCathedral.)Anotherstoryisthatthetombwasfoundby"n ccshepherdsintheninthcentury(oritwasrevealedtoashepherdin800orthatastarrevealedit"n HHtosomeshepherdsintheearly9C).ThisbecametheshrineatSantiago deCompostela.In"n <99anycase,thechurchwasstartedin829.[H.V.Morton;GhostsofLondon ;Methuen,1939,"n ZZpp.117118.]ThemedievalpilgrimageroutestartedatRoncesvallesorattheTourSt."n >>JacquesinParisandproceedingalongRueSt.JacquesandRue duFaubourgSt.Jacques"n cc[Gauthier,p.166].In844,thesaintappearedinarmourtoassistinabattleagainsttheMoors,P,*}xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xearningthename EEMatamoros(SlayeroftheMoors)andbecomingthepatronsaintofthe"n < ;;ReconquestandofSpain.Duringthiscrusade,theLordof Pimentelhadtoswimacrossa ria"n >\\(estuary)andemergedcoveredinshells,whichwereadoptedasthesymbolofSt.James.By"n ^^the11C,Santiagowasthethirdmostimportantpilgrimagesite,afterJerusalemandRome,and"n f__ofequalsanctity.Thefirsttouristguideeverwrittenwasan1130guidetoSantiagoandthe"n routestoit,probablyby Aimeri ;;Picaud.(Iknowofac1240guidefromHamburgtoRomeand"n 8YYJerusalem.Arethereotherearlyguides?)Itisestimatedthatbetween~and2million"n XXpilgrimscameeveryyear.Therelicsofthesaintwereremovedforsafekeepingin1589"n n[[becauseofDrake'sraidsalongthecoastandthenmislaiduntil1879whenpilgrimageswere"n resumed[William ,,Millinship;TheRoadtotheFieldofStars;Observer (5Feb1984)29].The"n ``relicsofthesaintareinthecryptoftheCathedral,whichwasbuiltonthesiteofhistomb,"n [[alongwithrelicsoftwoofhisdisciples,St.TheodoreandSt.Athanasius.TheReliquary"n ;;ChapelintheCathedralhastheheadofSt.JamestheLess."n 'n[ MGG-Spain JJ,pp. 203204,207.]Seealso:[BarbaraBode;ReviewofSantiagoSaint"n oftwoworlds,by Joan 00Myersetal.,Univ.ofNewMexicoPress,1991?;NewYorkTimes"n  BookReview (22Dec1991)8].`,*@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Cx'nXX[Foligno,pp.193195]describesthecycleoffrescoesinS.Antonio,Padua,givingthe"n storyofSt.James."n 'n[BION24 QQ,p.117]saystheheadisinasilverbustofthesaintinthecathedral.This"n >66maybeaconfusionwithSt.JamestheLess,seeabove."n 'n66AtoothisinareliquaryintheBasilicaofSantiago !!deCompostela[Gauthier,p.165]."n 'n Therockof  PADRON(or pedrn)inthechurchof  Padron(= Padrn).Galicia,Spain,is"n ;;therockatwhichtheshipbringingJamestoSpaindocked[BION14 ; MGGSpain  ,p.186]."n [BION14 --]laterassertsthatthebodywasbroughtto RIA DE AROSA,Galicia,over1900"n ?yearsagothemapin[ MGGSpain ,p. 187]showsthe Riade  Arosaistheinlet(orestuary)"n leadingtotheriver Ullaonwhich Padronissited."n "n 'n,n++MISCELLANEOUSSITES,inalphabeticalorder."n "n 'nZZApartoftheheadofSt.JamesisinatabernacleinAssisi,Umbria[Gauthier,pp.150&"n 152]."n 'nSSThemummifiedhandofSt.JamestheApostleisinSt.Peter's(Catholic)Churchin"n YYMarlow,Bucks.ItwasatReadingAbbeypriortotheDissolution.[ThamesandChilterns"n TouristBoard;$$DiscoveringtheThamesandChilterns '';ShirePublications;Aylesbury,1974,"n H\\p.24.]AnothersourcesaysitwasbroughttoEnglandbytheEmpressMatildain1125.She"n [[presentedittoherfather,HenryI,whoplaceditinReadingAbbey.Itwashiddeninthe"n cZZfoundationsofReadingGaolatthetimeoftheDissolutionandrediscoveredbyworkmenin"n %Oct1786.??Source.[  Timpson(2),p.191withphoto.]"n p'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin, //Mettlach(Pfalz),whichincludesrelicsofall"n ;YYtwelveApostles:Andrew,Bartholomew,James,JamestheLess,John,Judas,Matthew,Paul,` ,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n [xPeter, VVPhilip,Simon,Thomas[Gauthier,pp.7071&80].(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n 'nThereliquaryofSan $$Galgano,belongingtothechurchof Frosini,Umbria,nowonloan"n U\\totheOperadelDuomo,Orvieto,containsrelicsofSt.James(which?)[Gauthier,pp.169&"n 172]."n 5'nIn1145,Bishop IIAttoofPistoia,Toscana,receivedaboneoftheskullandalockofthe"n 7``hairofSt.JamesfromtherelicsatSantiagodeCompostela,Galicia,Spain,leadingtoPistoia"n SSbecomingastartingpointforthepilgrimagetoCompostela[Gauthier,pp.184185]."n 4'nOOTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithrelicsofSS.JamestheGreat,"n r Longinusand ""Sunidonius[Baueretal.,p.250]."n 'nWWTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsofalltwelveApostles:Andrew,"n gKKBartholomew,James,JamestheLess,John,Judas,Matthew(twice??),Peter, Philip,Simon,"n GGThomas,withJohntheBaptistandSt.Paul[Baueretal.,pp.330331]."n W'n**Intheearly1980s,theItaliannewspaper  Republica $$madeaninventoryofrelics.They"n \\foundenoughbonesofSt.Georgetomakethirtycompleteskeletons;nineheadsandeighteen"n /QQarmsoftheApostleJames;andtenskullsofJohntheBaptist.[ReportedintheSunday"n 1Express ((,whichwasreproducedorexcerptedin: RoystonJeans&Alan Kamin; Newsfroma"n   SquareWorld ;Unwin,1986,p.71.]"n ?'n**SeealsounderMaryPillarofSaragossa."n "n 'nMMTheheadofSt.JAMESTHELESSwasatS.Giorgio,Venice,Veneto,inthe15C."n m'nUUTheheadisalsointheReliquaryChapeloftheCathedralofSantiagodeCompostela,"n Galicia,Spain[ MGG-Spain  ,p. 207]."n p'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin, //Mettlach(Pfalz),whichincludesrelicsofall ,*]xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ;xYYtwelveApostles:Andrew,Bartholomew,James,JamestheLess,John,Judas,Matthew,Paul,"n [Peter, VVPhilip,Simon,Thomas[Gauthier,pp.7071&80].(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n 'nWWTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsofalltwelveApostles:Andrew,"n gKKBartholomew,James,JamestheLess,John,Judas,Matthew(twice??),Peter, Philip,Simon,"n GGThomas,withJohntheBaptistandSt.Paul[Baueretal.,pp.330331]."n "n 'nAleftfootof Szent >>JNOS(=St.JOHN,butwhichone??)isinthetreasuryofthe"n V Coronation ))(Mtys)ChurchonCastleHill,Budapest."n "n Y'nTwophialsofthebloodofS. 55JANUARIUSliquefyseveraltimeseachyearinNaples,"n ZZCampania.Thedatesare19Sephisfeastday,16DecandthefirstSundayinMay.The"n [[miraclesarefirstrecordedin1389.Thebloodfailedtoliquefyin1527,1835,1944,May"n //1976.TheSaintwasbeheadedin305innearby ..Pozzuoli,wherebloodstainsonamarbleslabp,*u xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ,x]]becomedampsimultaneouslywiththeliquefactioninNaples.[SariGilbert;Naplessurvives,"n Rbyamiracle;IHT ;;(31May1976)??.]ThebloodiskeptintheChapelofS. Gennario,inthe"n EECathedral.OtherguidebookonlycitetheMayandSepliquefactions [ENIT,p.11;"n Z MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 157]."n 'n[G.Brandreth;TheAmazingAlmanac 11;PelhamBooks,London,1981,p.139]assertsit"n SShasbeendisplayed18timesayearforfivecenturiesandhasliquefiedeverytime."n M'n R.T.Gould[Enigmas =**UnexplainedFacts:EnigmasandCuriosities ;1945,p.31]"n eTTnotesthatthebloodhadnotroubleaccommodatingtotheGregoriancalendarin1582."n 1'n Alexander FFDumasrelatesthefollowingstoryinhisbookonNaples.Inthe1799"n G__revolution,Napoleonicofficerscametothedefenceofthepoor.Theclergyassertedthatthe"n dLLbloodwouldbeunlikelytoliquefyaslongtherepublicpersisted.General Championnetled"n Vcctheprelatetotheshrine,putaswordtohisthroatandsaidthatiftheblooddidnotliquefyin"n 1``fiveminutes,thenhewoulddispatchtheprelate.Thebloodliquefiedinstantly.[Christopher"n  $$Hitchens;Stalemate,ItalianStyle; NewStatesman (25Jun1976).]"n ('n[[[Timbs(2),p.111]saysthebloodissaidtohavebeenpreservedinadrystateforages,"n Naathenliquefiedspontaneously,risingandboilingatthetopofitscontainer.HesaysthataM."n  BBSalvertesaysthebloodismadebyreddeningsulphuricetherwith alkanetrootandthen"n *<>JNOS(=St.JOHN,butwhichone??)isinthetreasuryofthe Mtys"n  ChurchonCastleHill,Budapest."n 5'nTTThereisatombofaSt.JOHNinWorcesterCathedral,Hereford&Worcester[English"n OOHeritage].(IwonderifthisisanerrorforKingJohn,whoisburiedthere??)"n "n 'n St.JOHN **CHRYSOSTOM(407)diedinbanishmentat Cucusus(ontheborderof"n  ZZCiliciaandArmenia),buthisbodywastriumphantlyreturnedtoConstantinoplein438and"n ]]wasburiedintheChurchoftheHolyApostles.ThetombwasprobablyrifledduringtheSack"n ]]ofConstantinople,butapulpitandthroneofhis(probablyofthe17C)aredisplayedinthe"n .ZZPatriarchalChurchinIstanbul.HisheadisintheCathedralofPisa,Toscana.[Hutton,"n pp. 20-21,120&155156.]"n "n 'nQQSt.JOHNFISHER(14681535)wasChancellorofCambridgeUniversityandBishopof"n FSSRochesterwhowasexecutedbyHenryVIIIatTowerHill.BuriedinBarkingAbbey."n JJJCanonisedin1935inthefirstgroupofcanonisationsofEnglishmensince Osmundin1457."n  CfThomasMore.[Vince,p.29.]"n "n 'n St.JOHN DDKEMBLEwasaCatholicpriestwhowashanged,drawnandquarteredat"n B[[Hereford,Herefordshire,in1679.AmummifiedhandwaspreservedatSt.FrancisXavierin"n ]]Hereford.InJul1995,theparishpriesthadastrokeandwasnotexpectedtolive,butthe"n LKKcurateappliedthehandtothepriest'sbrowandhesoonrecovered.[Mark Lawson;Touched"n P bythehandofGod,believeme; TheGuardian 22(24Jul1995)11.]Therearealsorelicsinthe"n g,,CatholicchurchinMonmouth,Herefordshire[BGWales  ,p.292].0@,*@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n 'nSt.JOHN(of) NEPOMUK  (sv.Jan ..Nepomuck)wasaratherminorpriestwhowas"n AAthrownofftheCharlesBridgeinPraguein1393ontheordersof VclavIV,allegedlyfor"n k__refusingtodivulgethesecretsofhisqueen'sconfessions.ThisbegantheCzechtraditionof"n ]]throwingpeoplefromhighplaces.Aclusterofstarsissaidtohaveappearedoverthespot"n *YYwherehedrowned.Thepointwherehewassupposedlythrownfromthebridgeismarkedby"n d__acrossandstarsinthebalustrade.AftertheThirtyYearsWar,theJesuitsrediscoveredhim"n ==andestablishedhiscultandgothimcanonizedin1729.His undecayedtonguewas"n h``discovered,butitwasapparentlyhisbrain.HeisburiedinasilvertombintheCathedralof"n  St.Vitus (sv. NNVit),PragueCastle,onwhichacherubispointingtotheseveredtongue.In"n v[[reality,hebackedthewrongsideinadisputebetweentheKingandtheArchbishopandthe"n a\\Kinghadhimtorturedontherack,alongwithtwofellowpriestswhosignedstatementsthat"n ]]theyhadnotbeenmistreated.HoweverJohnexpiredbeforesigningandhisbodywassecretly"n LLdumpedintheriver.TheVaticanfinallyadmittedthetruestoryin1961. [ BGPrague ,"n p. 140.Humphreys,pp.5556.]"n x'nSSTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasasetofreliquarybustsof:Anne;AnthonyofPadua;"n  Donatus;FrancisXavier;John //Nepomukthesebeingthepatronsaintsofthe  Habsburgs"n j [Baueretal.,pp.331332]."n "n 'nMMSt.JOHNOFBEVERLEY(640721)wasBishopofHexhamandArchbishopofYork."n ^^Canonizedin1037.HeisburiedattheEendofthenaveofBeverleyMinster,Beverley,East"n * Yorkshire.[ BGEngland ,p.626.Vince,p.29.]"n "n 4'nQQSt.JOHNOFDAMASCUS(749),8Ctheologian,livedanddiedinthemonasteryof@,*xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xSt. --Saba,eastofBethlehem,andisburiedthere  [Jahshan& Jahshan,p.59]."n "n 'nSt.JOHNOFGOD(SanJuande Dios)(14951550)wasbornin Montemoronovo,"n  Portugal[ MGG-Portugal ##,p.107].HefoundedtheKnights ##Hospitallers.HediedinGranada,"n (Andalusia,Spain,andhis --funeraryurnisinthechurchofSanJuande  Diosthere"n U[ MGG-Spain PP,p. 122].HenryWellcomeacquiredareliquarysaidtocontainasplinterfrom"n >>hiswalkingstickthisisnowintheScienceMuseum,London [ChristineBradley,Ruth"n [ Greenberg& DanielleOlsen;55MedicineMan:theforgottenmuseumofHenryWellcome"n I (18531936) 66;guidefortheexhibitionattheBM,2003,itemM25]."n `,*u@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nKKSt.JOHNOFTHECROSS(15421591)escapedfromimprisonmentinamonastery"n q nearthe ''AlcntaraBridgeinToledo,CastileLa **Mancha,Spain.Aplaqueonthetownwall"n %%nearthebridgecommemoratesthis.[ MGG-Spain  ,p. 240.]"n "n .'nJOHN  SCHORNE(or ++Schorn)(1314or1308),rectorofNorth  Marston,"n ]]Buckinghamshire,inthe15C,wasbelievedtohaveenticedthedevilintoabootandbestowed"n [[healingpowersonthevillagewellandhiscultwaspopular.St.George'sChapel,Windsor"n ``Castle,Berkshire,wasinneedofattractiverelicsandsothebonesweretranslatedtoWindsor"n Bin1478or1481,byEdward AAIV.Theshrineandrelicsappeartohavebeendemolishedatthe"n ~Reformation. JJSchornewasnevercanonised,butiscommemoratedbythejackinthebox!"n [Hill,p.57.Turner,p.25.]"n "n f'n##ThemummifiedbodyofSt.JOHNTHE ALMSGIVER(=S.Giovanni Elemosinario)"n )SSwasbrought(=stolen)fromAlexandriatoVenicein1247andisinSanGiovanniin  Brgora,"n =Venice,Veneto [ BGVenice  ,p.116; Buckley&Robinson,p.177]."n "n ]'nJOHNTHEBAPTIST wasborntoJoachimand  Elisabethat Ein Kerem,afewmiles"n 99westofJerusalem.ThevisitationofMarytohercousin ''Elisabethtookplacehere.TheGrotto"n IIoftheNativityofJohnisintheFranciscanMonastery.[Becker,p.63.]"n 'nQQ[RobertsCrolly,IV19]relatesthatJohnwasimprisoned,beheadedandburiedat"n  bbSebaste(ancientlySamaria)andthereisachurchonthesite,attributedtoHelena,butprobably"n v^^duetotheCrusaders.AfootnotesaysthatJosephusrelatesthatthebeheadingtookplaceat"n theCastleof &&Machrus,totheeastoftheDeadSea."n 'n;;MedievallegendaboutSt.JohntheBaptist,asdepictedin  Geertgentot Sint Jans'`p,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ax,,LegendoftheRelicsofSt.JohntheBaptist 00ofc1485,nowintheKunsthistorischesMuseum,"n 9Vienna[GuidetotheCollections <<,1988,p.298],assertsthattheheadandbodywereburied"n WWseparately,butexhumedandburntbyJuliantheApostatein362.However,inthe13C,"n  ^^unburnedrelicswerediscoveredanddeliveredtotheKnightsofSt.JohnatAcre.Thesewere"n "FFlostattheendoftheCrusades,buttheSultanreturnedthemin1484."n 'n!![Runciman-1,p.41]saysthatin 22c8C,theheadwasinDamascusandthebodywasin"n Samaria.Aladyof HHMauriennetookathumbbacktoEurope(?).[Ibid.,p.50]saysthehair"n !!wasinConstantinopleinthe11C."n 'n WWLyallrelatesthatarmsofSt.JohntheBaptistareatSiena,DubrovnikandtheChapel"n `^^RoyalinMadrid.HealsosaysthatonewasatAntioch,butitwasthrustintothemouthofa"n __maraudingdragon.Hedoesn'ttellwhathappened,eithertothedragonorthearm.Theonein"n SienawaspresentedtoPius  IIbyThomas Palaeologus. [Lyall,pp.163-164.]"n "n 'n,n++MISCELLANEOUSSITES,inalphabeticalorder."n "n 'nNNThe'decapitationcloth'ofJohntheBaptistwasbroughttoAachen,Nordrhein"n WWWestfalen,Germany,byCharlemagneandisintheTreasuryoftheCathedralofAachen."n oYY[Rorimer,p. 99]saysitistheshroudofJohnandisorwasintheShrineoftheVirgin."n ('nQQTheskullofSt.JohntheBaptistisintheTreasuryoftheCathedralatAmiens, Somme,"n ~##France.Itwasbroughtin1206by Wallon **deSartonwhofounditduringtheSackof"n ``Constantinoplein1204.Alowerjawbone,claimedtobethatofSt.JohntheBaptist,hasbeen"n at Verdun, 99Meuse,sincethe17C.Examinationin1958-59showedthe Verdunpiecetobe"n NNfromtheMiddleAges,whiletheAmiensskullwas1000to2500yearsold.[G. Prache;pP,*]xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x  Histoire duChef de Saint-Jean-Baptiste ConservaAmiens ;[TheCathedral],Amiens,"n ZZ1982,pp.5&13-15.]AnotherheadofwasinthechurchoftheTemplarsatTemple,Paris"n  [Hare(2),p.148]."n 'nAheadwasin %%Angeli(notfurtheridentified)[Van Biema]."n 'nVVRelicsofclothesofJohntheBaptistareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromthe"n WWGrandselveTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,"n  pp. 168171]."n 'nXXAcrossreliquarynowintheClevelandMuseumofArt,Ohio,includesrelicsofJohnthe"n  Baptist(piecesoftheheadand ""'carillus')[Gauthier,pp.9698]."n 'n""AheadwasinConstantinople[Van Biema]."n )'nJJTheheadofSt.JohntheBaptistisallegedlyinatombinacryptinthe Umayyad"n kMosqueinDamascus [Azzi,pp.516&528].[BION11 &&]saysthegraveofSt.Johnisthere.P`,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n (x'nYYThereisanindexfinger,anotherfingerbone,abitofthejawboneandtwootherbones"n DDofJohntheBaptistintheOperadelDuomo,Florence,Toscana[DBS]."n 'nAATheashesofSt.JohntheBaptistareintheCathedralofGenoa( Genova),Liguria,"n [BG-NI AA,p. 97].TherelicswerelandednearthechurchofS.Giovanni di Pr[Geoffrey"n  Fletcher;ItalianImpressions ; $$Allen&Unwin,London,1974,p.37]."n ='nGGThereisaheadreliquary,saidtobethatofJohntheBaptist,inthe KestnerMuseumin"n  ""Hannover,Niedersachsen,Germany[ MGGGermany  ,p.157]."n 'nZZThereisarightarmandhandandtheoccipitalboneintheTreasuryofTopkapi,Istanbul"n > [Geoffrey ))Godwin;GiftsoftheSultanReviewof:Topkapi:TheTreasury ;TimesLiterary"n  Supplement UU(14Aug1987)866].Thesignontheexhibitreferstothehandandoccipitalbone,"n C``butonereliquaryisdistinctlyarightforearmandhand,butwithonlytheboneofthebackof"n thehandexposed[DBS].  [Sabahattin  Trkolu;TheTopkapiPalace ;19thed.,NET  Turistik"n l ^^Yayinlar,Istanbul,1993,p.67]referstohand,armandskullbonesandsaysitisnotknown"n !DDwhenorhowtheserelicsgottoTopkapi,buttheyweretherec1500."n 'nGGThereisacrossreliquaryincludingrelicsofJohntheBaptistinSt. GeorgCathedral,"n   Limburgan der Lahn, ""Hessen[Gauthier,pp.6869&72]."n 'n%%Therewas'ApieceofStoneofSaint JohnBaptists  ##Tombe'inTradescant'sArk,London"n [Tradescant,p.43]."n 'nJJTherewasafingerofJohntheBaptistatthePrioryoftheHolyTrinity,  Mottisfont,"n 00Hampshire.ThePriorywasfoundedinthe13C. [Pepin,p.55.]"n 'n""ThereisacrossreliquaryinSt.  Liutwin, 00Mettlach(Pfalz),whichincludesrelicsofJohn`P,*- P xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n DxLLtheBaptist[Gauthier,pp.7071&80].(MettlachisactuallyinSaarland.)"n F'n99AnindexfingerisintheChurchoftheAnnunciation(or Catholicon)intheMonastery"n !!ofVatopedionMt.Athos,Greece [deJongh,p.272]."n 'nVVAdropofthebloodofJohnisinthelargerchurchofSt.GeorgeintheMonasteryof"n  Xerophontos,Mt.Athos,Greece [deJongh,p.292]."n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n __SantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofJohntheBaptist[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130-133]."n 'nSSThefirstjointoftheindexfingerofJohntheBaptistwasbroughttowhatisnow St."n ,,JeanduDoigt,Finistre,inc1420or1437[ MGGBrittany ,p. 220;Ward,p.209]."n 'nYYThebodyofSt.JohntheBaptistwasreportedtohavebeenfoundatthemonasteryofSt."n  WWMakar,60milesNWofCairo,alongwithElisha.Traditionsaystheywerebroughtfrom"n ``PalestinetoAlexandriainthe4Candtothemonasteryinthe11C.Reportswerenotveryclear"n "EEhowever.[Anon;BodiesofSt.John,ElishareportedfoundinEgypt;IHT (15Nov1978)??.]"n 'n**ThetombsofJohntheBaptist,ELISHAand ''OBADAIAHareintheChurchofSt.John"n theBaptist,Samaria(now @@Sebaste)but[Becker,p.65]describesthemasemptyniches."n W==[RobertsCrolly,IV22]saysthe"thetombsofElishaandof Obadiaharesaidtohave"n ]]formerlyexistedhere."AbittothewestisacryptwherelegendsaystheheadofJohnwas"n ``hiddenafterthefeastatHerod'spalacebutthepalacewasnowherenearhere[Becker,p.66]."n 'nTTVenice,Veneto,acquiredpartofthebodyofSt.JohntheBaptistaftertheSackof"n `Constantinoplein1204 [Okey(2),p.82]."n y'nSSTherighthandofJohntheBaptist,cutoffbyLukewhofoundtheexhumedbodytooP,*}pxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n ox^^largetocarryoff,wasinRhodes.ItwascarriedofftoMalta,whencethelastGrandMaster"n PtookittoRussiain1798.  [Durrell(& 77Torr),pp.112&154.]Napoleontooktheringoffthe"n NPPhand,inMalta,saying:"Thehandisyours.Buttheringsuitsminebetter."[ Observer"n Magazine OO(11Jul1976)13.??Get.]TherighthandwaspresentedbytheEasternRoman"n i<>thoughttoincludethoseofSt.Davidand/orSt.JUSTINIAN.[BGWales ,pp.357&359.]"n "n p'nKKSt.KENELM(819)wasmurderedinWorcestershire.Hisbodywastakento"n  [[WinchcombeAbbey,Gloucestershire,andenshrinedthere.Anearbywellandchapelmarkthe"n WWlastrestingplaceofthebodyenroutetotheAbbey,thewellappearingatthattime."n "n M'n77St.Kentigern("ChiefLord")isgenerallyknownasSt. Mungo("DearOne"),qv."n "n 'nQueen ::KETEVANwasQueenofGeorgiawhenitwaspillagedbyShah  Abbasthe"n &&Great,c1600?Shewascarriedoffto ::Shiraz,Iran,andmartyredwhensherefusedtoconvertto"n 7YYIslamandmarrytheShah(shewasalreadyawidowedgrandmother!)Herbodywastakento"n rLisbonandthenceto CCGoain1627.ThoughGreekOrthodox,shewasadoptedasaCatholic"n ))saint.ShewasburiedinSt.Augustine, //Goa.Inthelate20C,theGeorgiangovernment"n SSrequestedthereturnofherremains,assheiswellknownandpopularinGeorgia."n ``Unfortunately,thechurchhaslargelycollapsedandthelocationofhergravewithinthechurch"n ``isextremelyvaguelyrecordedsheisburied'totherightofthealtar',butthisdoesn'tsay@@,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n 'xaawhetheryoushouldbefacingthealtarorawayfromit,andthefactthattherewerefouraltars"n "^^doesn'thelp.Severalexcavationshavefailedtouncoverher.[LukeHarding;Georgiansseek"n bonesofmartyredqueen; TheObserver (25Jun2000)24.]"n "n 'nSt. //KEVIN(d.618)isburiedatSt.Mary'sChurch, $$Glendalough,Co.Wicklow,Ireland."n CCNearbyisSt.Saviour'swherethereisahollowedstoneintowhich Kevinmilkedamysterious"n C$$whitedoetofeedafoundling.St. <>Cyriacawereburied,buthedoesn'tindicatewhichS.Lorenzo."n 'nVVAttheDissolution,'thecoalsthatSt.Lawrencewastoastedwithal'wereatBurySt."n  Edmunds,Suffolk[Welfare& Fairley,p.2]."n 0'n ZZWilliams[p.25]saysthathisrelicswereapapalgifttotheKingofNorthumbriainthe"n K7C."n 'n,,ThereisaboneofSt.LawrenceinS.Paolo fuori le Mura,Rome[DBS].Thereare0,*  xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x$$relicsofSS.Lawrence,Stephenand JustininS.Lorenzo fuori le  Mura,Rome[BG-Rome ,"n p. 193]."n F'nVVThereissupposedtobeaheadofSt.LawrenceintheCathedralofDubrovnik,Croatia"n [Cuddon(2),p.129]."n 'nOOThecrossreliquaryknownas'Charlemagne'sChessboard'nowin(theMuseumof)"n WWSantaMaria,Roncesvalles,Navarra,Spain,includessomerelicsofLawrence[Gauthier,"n  pp. 130133]."n W'nNNRelicsofLawrenceareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromtheGrandselve"n YYTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,pp.168171]."n j'nIITherearerelicsintheSchatzkammer,Vienna[Baueretal.,pp.338339]."n 4'nHHThereisasampleofthecongealedbloodofS.Lorenzointhechurchat Amaseno,near"n /%%Naples,whichliquefiesevery10Aug [Alix Kirsta;Thecryinggame;TheGuardianWeekend "n (9Dec2000)2634]."n "n 5'nAcapsulereliquaryfrom Eu,nowintheMuse Dpartemental des Antiquitis,Rouen,"n ==SeineMaritime,containedthechasubleinwhichSt.LAWRENCE O'TOOLE(Archbishopof"n Dublin,d.1180at ''Eu)wasburied[Gauthier,pp.106107]."n C'nWWHisembalmedheartisintheeastchapelofChristChurch,Dublin,Co.Dublin,Ireland"n j [ BG-Ireland  ,p.115]."n 4'n,,HiseffigyisinthecryptofNotreDameet StLaurentin Eu[Ward,p.63]."n "n 'n44St.LAZARUSwasraisedfromthedeadatBethany,or ElAziriyehor  ElAzaryeh,"n ZZwhichderivefromLazarus.ThisisjustsouthofJerusalem.TheSepulchreofLazarusis"n there. (([RobertsCrolly,III19;Becker,p.50;  Jahshan& Jahshan,pp.7980.]"n 'nDDThebodyofSt.Lazarus,the'friendofChrist'andfirstBishopof Kition(Larnaca),,*xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n [xQQCyprus,wasfoundinLarnaca.ItwenttoConstantinopleduringthereignofLeo  VI.Itwas"n 0HHstolenandcarriedtoMarseilles.ThesarcophagusremainsinLarnaca. [Nagel,p.79.]There"n SSisatombofLazarusontheoutskirtsofMarseilles(Marseille),BouchesduRhne,  [Lyall(2),"n r  p.130]."n 'n99TherelicsofSt.LazaruswerefoundintheCathedralof ""SaintNazaire,LoireAtlantique,"n XXabout1120.TheCathedralofAutun,SaneetLoire,wasbegunthenandtherelicswere"n (&&transferredtoAutunin1147.[Denis Grivat;Autun  ;2nded.,  Zodiaque,1971,p.3.]Another"n 88sourcesaystheywerebroughtfromMarseillesbyGerard de !!Rousillonin1079.Thetombwas"n <>LIBORIUSweretranslatedfromLeManstoPaderborn,Nordrhein"n pZZWestfalen,Germany,in836.Accordingtolegend,apeacockflew(orwalked)aheadofthe"n ??procession,showingtheway,collapsingindeathatthegoal.  Liboriussoonbecamethetown's"n ZZpatronsaintandthesymbolofthepeacockiscommon.Hisrelicsareinthecryptofthe"n  Cathedral ##(Dom)andthereisashrineinthe Dizesanmuseum.[ MGGGermany ,"n  pp. 228-229.]"n "n 'nTheCathedralof Sigenza,CastileLa --Mancha,Spain,hasareliquarychapelofSt."n  \\LIBRADA.Sheandhereightsisters,allbornonthesameday,weremartyredandmayallbe"n O here.[ MGG-Spain  ,p. 224.]"n "n 4'nOOTheSchatzkammer,Vienna,hasanostensorywithrelicsofSS.JamestheGreat,"n  LONGINUSand ""Sunidonius[Baueretal.,p.250]."n 'nThetombofaLonginus ::Sdapeze(c8c48)wasuncoveredatColchesterin1928.He"n !wasa  duplicarius oftheFirstSquadronofthe 00ThracianCavalryandwaskilledbyanassailant"n CConthehighway.In1998,localhistorianssuggestedthismightbethe Longinus,claimingthat"n 2ZZrecordsofRomantroopmovementsshowhewouldhavebeeninJerusalemattherighttime. ,*Xxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n |xWWActually,theincidentofthelanceisonlymentionedintheGospelofJohn,generally"n `__consideredthelatestandleastreliableofthegospelsandJohndoesnotgivethenameofthe"n i%%soldierwhohadthelance![Michael 88Horsnell;CouldthisbethesoldierwholancedChrist's"n W side?; TheTimes (13Apr1998)7.]"n @,*@ xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Ax'nSt.LOUIS(KingLouis >>IX)(12141270)diedonaCrusadetoNorthAfrica.Theflesh"n BBwasremovedfromhisbonesbyboilingandburiedinthechurchof Monreale,Palermo,Sicily."n g??HisbonesweresenttoSt.Denis,SeineStDenis,forburial. [Okey,p.82.]Aguidebookto"n WWthechurchofSt.Denisdoesnotshowwheretheseareburiednoranymonument,butthe"n ZZgraveswereemptiedoutduringtheRevolutionandtheboneswerelaterreinterredinthe"n & OOossuarychapelinthecryptwhichhasthebonesofsome800membersofroyalty."n 'nPartoftheskullisinthe Sainte Chapelle,Paris[BION-24  ,p.58].[BION16  ]saysthis"n bbisthetopofhisskull.38yearsafterhisdeath,hisbodywasdistributedasrelicsthehead"n  wenttothe Sainte GGChapelle,aribwenttoNotreDame,etc.[Cronin,p.158].[Hare(2),"n Mp. 283]saysKing FFPhiliptheFairtookmostoftheheadandaribfromSt.Denistothe Sainte"n ]   Chapelle."n 'nThereisa'cassette KKdeS.Louis'intheLouvre,Paris,butit'snotclearifthiscontainsany"n __relics.Therearealsoaringandaclaspforhismantle.[Hare(2),pp.5152.]Thereisa"n [[reliquaryintheChapterHouseofNotreDame,Paris[Hare (2),p.307].ABibleandpsalm"n P$$bookofhisareintheBibliothque <'nThegraveofSt.  LURACHisat --MagheraOldChurch,Co.Londonderry,Ireland"n  [ MGG-Ireland  ,p.237]."n "n 'n Therelicsofthe4CmartyrSt.  LUXORIUS ..(Lussrgiu)areveneratedinthecryptofthe"n  churchat Fordongianus,Sardegna [BGSouthernItaly  ,p.280]."n "n 'nTherelicsofS. MAGLOIRE,Bishopof %%Dol,wereplacedinthechurchofS."n  JJBarthlemy,Paris[Hare(2),p.285].However,IsawthereliquaryofS.  Magloirein@,*]xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x St-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas,Paris."n "n 'nSt.MAGNUS,theApostleof !!Allgu,diedinhishermitageat Fssen,Bayern,Germany,"n ]in750andtheformerAbbey  (ehemaliges --Kloster)ofSt.Magnuswasbuiltonthesite"n [ MGG-Germany  ,p.140]."n "n R'nSt. >>MALACHYwasanativeofArmagh,Co.Armagh,NorthernIreland[ BGIreland ,"n p. 327]."n "n 'nThereisareliquaryofSt. MARCARIUSintheCryptof StBaafskathedraalinGent"n  ))(Gand,Ghent),OostVlaanderen,Belgium[MGGBelgium/Luxembourg  ,p.196]."n  ,*0 xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x'nUUSt.MARCELwasburiedintheOratoryofSt.Marcel,Paris,butthebodywasmovedto"n XXNotreDameforsafetyduringtheNormantroubles.Pilgrimsfoundthatfilingsfromhis"n JJtombstonewereasefficaciousashisrelicshadbeen.[Hare (2),p.326.]"n "n 'nRelicsofSt. ;;MARCELLIANareintheReliquaryoftheHolyThornfromthe"n WWGrandselveTreasury,Quercy,nowinthechurchofBouillac,TarnetGaronne[Gauthier,"n pp. 168171]."n x'n ::Einhard,thebiographerofCharlemagne,builtachurchat Mulinheim,laterknownas"n ` 88Seligenstadt(CityoftheSaints)fortherelicsofSt.  MARCELLINUSandSt.PETERwhich"n 4 Einhardbroughtthere[Lewis Thorpe,translatorandeditor;TwoLivesofCharlemagne [by"n   Einhardand --NotkertheStammerer];Penguin,1969,p.14]."n !'n''ReliquariesofthearmandbustofSt. 33MarcellinusareinthechurchofSt.Marcel,Indre"n U [ MGG-Dordogne+  ,p.161]."n "n 'nTheclothedskeletonsofSt. 55FelicissimusandSt.MARCIAareintheChurchofthe"n # Nativity  (Narozen pn),nearthe  Loreta,in ..Hradany,justWofPragueCastle[Humphreys,"n p.68]."n "n 'n88TherelicsofSt.MARGARETorMARINAwereusedbyMarie de'Mediciandothersto"n JJpromotefertilityandeasychildbirth[Reynolds,p.20].RichardGordon[GreatMedical"n ? Mysteries QQ;Hutchinson,1984,pp.1819]saystheywereusedattheDauphine'sconfinement"n t]]in1682.ThispresumablywasSt.MargaretofAntioch,patronessofchildbirth,buthercult"n wassuppressedin1969."n 'n88ThehandofSt.MarinawasinVenice[Gauthier,p.102]."n 'nJJThereisanarmreliquaryofSt.MargaretinachapelintheTownHallof Goslar,"n Niedersachsen,Germany[ MGGGermany ,pp.143144].  ,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n x"n 'n St.MARGARET ??CLITHEROW(15561586)livedinShambles,York,NorthYorkshire"n F\\(plaque),andwaspressedtodeathon25Mar1586forhavingmasssaidatherhouseandfor"n BBconcealingCatholicpriests.Canonizedon25Oct1970.[IvanE.  Broadhead; Walkabout"n ++YorkAguidedtourthroughahistoriccity ; TetradonPublications,  Warley,West"n 99Midlands,(1980),2ndptg,1981,p.21.AlanWhitworth;TheBronzePlaqueGuideto"n York ; RRCulvaHousePublications,Whitby,1998,p. 25.]HerhandispreservedintheBar"n SSConvent,nowabed&breakfastestablishmentrunbythefewremainingnuns.[Rick  O'Brien;"n East AnglianCuriosities BB;TheDovecotePress,Wimborne,Dorset,1992,p.62]saysshewas"n crushedunder800 GGlbsandtook15minutestodie.SeealsoCromwellunderMiscellaneous"n A &&Individualsforareputedburialsite."n "n 'nHHSt.MARGARETOFSCOTLAND(10451093)wasthewifeofKingMalcolmIII."n VVTheyfoundedtheabbeyatDunfermline,Fife,andsheisburiedthere.[Vince,p.31.]"n "n 'nS.  MARGHERITArebuiltachurch,in ++Cortona,Toscana,in1290andanewchurch"n ]]dedicatedtoherwasbuiltin12971304,afterherdeath.Itwasrebuiltinthe19Candher"n ..bodyisinaglasscasketonthemainaltar. [Setteposte&  Belardi,pp.6768,withphoto.]"n "n 'nSantaMARIADELA CABEZAseeSan Isidro."n "n 'n St.MARIA DDGORETTI(18901902)waskilledresistingseduction,butforgaveher"n 7NNmurderer.Shewascanonisedin1950.Herbodyisdisplayedathershrinein Nettuno,Italy."n Z  [Williams,pp.4041.]"n "n - 'nMarinasee:Margaret."n "n 'nTherelicsofS.MARINO ==(Marinus)areintheBasilicaofSanMarino,RepublicofSan P,* xxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n xMarino[MGG-Italy (1995)  ,p. 213]."n "n 5'nVenetiantraditionsaysSt.MARK 33landedononetheislandswhereVenicenowstands"n {33toseekrefugefromastorm.ThesiteiswhereS.  Francesco della Vignanowstands."n B __[Okey (2),p. 21.][Gauthier,p.58]saysthelegendevenassertsthatMarkbeganhismission"n zhere. SS[Buckley&Robinson,pp.4142&174]saythathewasgreetedbyanangelwiththeP,*!upxxx%A"mmxx""n',1"n Ix words"Pax tibi, Marce  evangelista meus. Hic requiescetcorpus tuum."(Peacebewithyou,"n XXMark,myevangelist.Hereshallyourbodyrest.)However,hewasburiedinAlexandria."n 'n>>TherelicsofSt.MarkwerestolenbytwoVenetianmerchants, Buono Tribuno da"n  Malamoccoand Rustico da @@Torcello,secretlytradingwithAlexandriainc828(or815)and"n Y\\smuggledoutinabasketofpork.[Anon;CopticchurchheadarrivesinRomefortalkswith"n Pope;IHT (5/6May1973).Geoffrey 22Moorhouse;StonesandCiceronesreviewofJames"n  Lees-Milne:VenetianEvenings ;Collins,1988?; TheTimes (4Feb1988)??.  Buckley&"n --Robinson,pp.4142.Lancaster (2),p.40. 33Okey(2),pp.2225quotesanearlyaccount.]The"n ?``bodywaslostinthefireof976,butduringasolemnsupplicationpriortotheconsecrationof"n \\thethirdandpresentS.Marcoon24Jun1094,thelocationofthebodywasrevealedinthe"n K__pillartotheleftoftheAltaroftheSacrament(whereamarble(andmosaic?)inlaymarksthe"n eespot)andtherelicwaslatertranslatedtothehighaltar(butthenapparentlyplacedinthecrypt"n seebelow).However, CC[Buckley&Robinson,pp.5051]saythebodyhadbeenconcealedat"n WWthebeginningofrebuild